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发信人: FDTD (放荡*坦荡), 信区: Physics
标 题: [转寄] Nanothermometers feel the heat(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月29日07:27:35 星期三), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 FDTD 的信箱 】
【 原文由 dwq.bbs@bbs.nju.edu.cn 所发表 】
发信人: nanoH (奋青帮※水影※lit14), 信区: Physics
标 题: Nanothermometers feel the heat
发信站: 南京大学小百合站 (Wed Oct 22 14:22:48 2003)
Nanothermometers feel the heat
13 October 2003
Researchers in Japan have made a nanothermometer by filling a carbon nanotube
with liquid gallium. The new device works in air, unlike previous models, whic
h only operated in vacuum. The thermometer, which is less than 150 nanometres
in diameter, could find use in a range of micro-environmental applications (Y
Gao et al. 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2913).
Last year Yihau Gao and Yoshio Bando at the National Institute for Materials S
cience in Tsukuba found that the height of a column of liquid gallium in a nan
otube - a sheet of graphite rolled into a cylinder - varies linearly with temp
erature. This is analogous to the behaviour of mercury in a conventional therm
ometer, albeit on a scale that is a billion times smaller. Researchers therefo
re 'read' the temperature with an electron microscope.
This nanothermometer, which consisted of a nanotube closed at both ends, could
record temperatures between 323 and 823 kelvin. In contrast, existing nanosca
le devices are only able to operate between 4 and 80 kelvin. However, the orig
inal device had only been demonstrated inside the high vacuum conditions of an
electron microscope.
Now the same team has shown that if the nanotube is left open at one of its en
ds, the thermometer can operate in air. At high temperatures, the liquid galli
um forms a thin oxide layer that sticks to the inner walls of the nanotube nea
r the open end. The position at which the layer forms corresponds to the heigh
t of the gallium meniscus just before it oxidized. This oxide layer remains in
place even after the thermometer has cooled down.
The researchers tested the device by placing it in a furnace and comparing the
temperature it recorded with that measured by a thermocouple. They found that
the two measurements agreed with each other to within 5 to 10%. Gao and co-wo
rkers say that the device is still in an early stage of development. However,
it already shows promise for use in micro- and nanoscale environments where it
would be impossible to use a conventional thermometer.
Author
Belle Dumé is Science Writer at PhysicsWeb
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