Physics 版 (精华区)
发信人: FDTD (放荡*坦荡), 信区: Physics
标 题: [转寄] Negative-index materials made easy(转载)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2003年10月29日07:27:55 星期三), 站内信件
【 以下文字转载自 FDTD 的信箱 】
【 原文由 dwq.bbs@bbs.nju.edu.cn 所发表 】
发信人: nanoH (奋青帮※水影※lit14), 信区: Physics
标 题: Negative-index materials made easy
发信站: 南京大学小百合站 (Wed Oct 22 14:22:07 2003)
Negative-index materials made easy
17 October 2003
Physicists have observed negative refraction in an ordinary crystal for the fi
rst time. The material, made by researchers at the National Renewable Energy L
aboratory in the US, could now be used to make lenses that do not reflect ligh
t and to study novel optical phenomena (Y Zhang et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 9
1 157404).
First proposed over thirty years ago, negative refractive index - or 'left-han
ded' - materials bend light in the opposite direction to ordinary materials. H
owever, they were not demonstrated experimentally until 2000. Although some ph
ysicists argued at the time that only the phase velocity of the light was nega
tively refracted, rather than the group velocity, recent experiments and compu
ter simulations have overcome this and other objections. Nevertheless, researc
hers have only ever observed negative refraction in complicated 'meta-material
s' so far.
Now, Yong Zhang and co-workers have demonstrated total negative refraction in
a 'twinned' alloy that contains yttrium, vanadium and oxygen. This commonly fo
und ferroelastic material contains two uniaxial crystals whose optical axes ar
e oriented symmetrically with respect to the interface. The researchers found
that the interface could refract light of any frequency and electron waves as
well. This is an improvement on previous negative-index materials that only wo
rked for microwave radiation. Furthermore, depending on the angle of incidence
, the interface could also positively refract light.
"This is the first time that both total refraction, that is zero reflection, a
nd amphoteric refraction - both positive and negative refraction - have been s
een in the same material," Zhang told PhysicsWeb. "Reflection is sometimes tho
ught of as the penalty electromagnetic waves must pay when they are refracted.
Our result shows that this does not have to be the case."
By demonstrating negative refraction in such a simple material, the researcher
s believe that it should now be easier to study new optical phenomena - such a
s the reversal of the Doppler effect and Cerenkov radiation. They say that the
ir crystal could also be used to steer electron beams in nanoelectronic device
s, and to transport high-power laser beams in reflection-free lenses.
Author
Belle Dumé is Science Writer at PhysicsWeb
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