Science 版 (精华区)
作 家: Smart (Cynic) on board 'Science'
题 目: <<NST>>VII --- Penrose on physics and reality
来 源: 哈尔滨紫丁香站
日 期: Mon Oct 20 13:01:15 1997
出 处: wangw@phy5.hit.edu.cn
The Nature of
Space and Time
Two relativists present their distinctive views on the universe, its
evolution and the impact of quantum theory
by Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose
VII. Penrose on physics and reality:
Quantum mechanics has only been around for 75 years. This
is not very long if one compares it, for example, with
Newton's theory of gravity. Therefore it wouldn't
surprise me if quantum mechanics will have to be modified
for very macroscopic objects.
At the beginning of this debate, Stephen said that he
thinks that he is a positivist, whereas I am a Platonist.
I am happy with him being a positivist, but I think that
the crucial point here is, rather, that I am a realist.
Also, if one compares this debate with the famous debate
of Bohr and Einstein, some 70 years ago, I should think
that Stephen plays the role of Bohr, whereas I play
Einstein's role! For Einstein argued that there should
exist something like a real world, not necessarily
represented by a wave function, whereas Bohr stressed
that the wave function doesn't describe a "real"
microworld but only "knowledge" useful for making
predictions.
Bohr was perceived to have won the argument. In fact,
according to the recent biography of Einstein by
[Abraham] Pais, Einstein might as well have gone fishing
from 1925 onward. Indeed, it is true that he didn't make
many big advances, even though his penetrating criticisms
were very useful. I believe that the reason why Einstein
didn't continue to make big advances in quantum theory
was that a crucial ingredient was missing from quantum
theory. This missing ingredient was Stephen's discovery,
50 years later, of black hole radiation. It is this
information loss, connected with black hole radiation,
which provides the new twist.
----------------------------------------------------------
The Editors acknowledge the assistance of Gary T.
Horowitz of the University of California at Santa
Barbara.
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