Chess_Bridge 版 (精华区)

发信人: emanuel (小飞象), 信区: Chess_Bridge
标  题: 透视桥牌中的哲理 [8] 
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Thu Mar 30 19:38:30 2000), 转信

   透视桥牌中的哲理 [8]                                                          
                                                                                 
 (二)非逻辑思维方法                                                            
                                                                                 
    直觉是牌手在叫牌或打牌时对于正确的叫法或打法不经过推算而产生的               
一种灵感;牌感是牌手的一种感觉,反应在牌手选准适当定约和打牌方法的               
直觉能力。                                                                       
                                                                                 
    直觉思维有时伴随着被称为"灵感"的特殊心理体验和心理过程,它是                 
认识主体的创造力,突然达到超水平发挥的一种特定心理状态。                         
                                                                                 
    灵感在诗歌中,被称作"天赐灵机",在桥牌上,则没有比"光辉灿烂"                 
能更好地形容它的功绩的词汇了。下面看一副牌,让我们看看来自专家的灵               
感。在一次国际比赛中,与意大利的梅耶对阵时,法国的科恩所做的一次颇               
富灵感的防守,使他赢得了众所瞩目的,光辉灿烂的博尔斯桥牌心得大奖。               
                 S:A Q 8 6 2                                                    
                 H:3                                                            
                 D:A J 9 7 5 2                                                  
                 C:6                                                            
  S:K J 10 7                S:5 4 3                                            
  H:A 8 5                   H:J 10 7 2                                         
  D:K 10 8                  D:4                                                
  C:9 8 5                   C:K Q J 10 7                                       
                 S:9                                                            
                 H:K Q 9 6 4                                                    
                 D:Q 6 3                                                        
                 C:A 4 3 2                                                      
叫牌过程:                                                                       
         北         南                                                           
         1S         2H                                                           
         3D         3NT                                                          
    科恩坐西家,首攻SJ,明手用SQ赢得。为了保持两手间的联通,梅耶从               
明手打D2,手上出DQ,若用DK进手后转攻C,打掉庄家进手的唯一进张,将                
会使庄家很难办。但科恩并不能看到另两家牌,所以他找了另一条路。你猜               
得出那是什么吗?他让DQ拿到了这一墩!当科恩在第二轮D上跟出后,梅耶                
认定,东无疑有DK4,而在第一轮作了大胆的忍让。在无任何明显的原因下,              
西家放弃肯定得到的一墩是决不可能的。如果飞过去的话,梅耶肯定能做成               
定约,在打队式赛时,他无疑会如此,但在双人赛时,超墩将造成极大的差               
异。所以他充满自信地从明手打DA。于是,本可以拿5墩的方块,现在只拿                
了两墩。科恩的打法是极冒险的,但正是这种彻底的冒险反而保证了它的安               
全。当东家在明手打DA后示缺而不是跌落DK!梅耶的感觉一定和那位头一次               
看到长颈鹿时吃惊地叫出"我不相信"的老太太一模一样。                               
                                                                                 
    叫牌过程中大家都有这样一种感觉:我觉得这副牌有望上满贯,于是便               
叫了满贯定约,这就是一种直觉思维。桥牌中的某些妙招如魔鬼妙招、梅利               
马克妙招的打法,可以认为是来自专家牌手的灵感,如果你看过魔鬼妙招,               
那么你一定认为太不可思议了,居然能有这种打法!是神吗?不!那是牌手               
灵感的杰作。                                                                     
                                                                                 
    当然,这一种思维形式并不是无中生有、无凭无据的,它的获得要靠牌               
手长期实战经验和技术的不断进步中集中利用,是牌手日积月累的针对桥牌               
中的问题所思考的各种线索凝聚于一点时的集中突破,是牌手显意识和潜意               
识的霍然贯通。不可否认这种直觉不一定都对,经过打牌过程也许我们会发               
现这个满贯定约打不成。                                                           
                                                                                 
    想象是在联想的基础上加工原有意想而创造出新意想的思维活动。想象               
力运用是一个优秀牌手所必须的又一素质。爱因斯坦曾经深刻地指出"想象                
力比知识更重要,因为知识是有限的,而想象力概括着世界上的一切,推动               
着进步,并且是知识进化的源泉,严格的说想象力是科学研究中的实在因                 
素"。                                                                            
                                                                                 
    其实在敌方攻出第一张牌后,牌手便需要进行丰富的想象,在桥战中不               
论庄家要完成定约或防守方要打跨定约,有时都会面临这样一种情况:看来               
达到目的的希望已很微小,但如果四家牌张的分配确能如所想象的话,那就               
会有一线生机,想象力丰富的牌手往往就寻着这微弱的希望奋力迈进,果如               
所望立可建立奇功。仅举一例说明。                                                 
                                                                                 
     南打3NT,西家首攻D4,庄家用DK赢得,一张H×给明手的K,SJ偷                   
过,手中又出H×,假如西家是一位高手,那么它一定意识到已面临紧要关头,            
如放过庄家就会有5墩S、2墩D、1墩H再加上HJ就会完成定约,防守方无                   
戏可唱,所以这1墩西家一定要取得。那么击败定约机会在哪儿呢?富有想                
象力西家认为击败定约唯一机会在C套,如他的同伴持CA 10 × ×,那么就               
可将北家CQ飞死,击败定约,所以他出CJ,精彩的想象力换取了成功。                   
                                                                                 
                      S 6 5 2                                                    
                      H K J 6                                                    
                      D A 9 8                                                    
                      C Q 8 6 4                                                  
            S 9 4                 S Q 10 3                                       
            H A 9 7 2             H 10 8 4                                       
            D Q 7 5 4             D J 10 3                                       
            C K J 5               C A 10 7 3                                     
                      S A K J 8 7                                                
                      H Q 5 3                                                    
                      D K 6 2                                                    
                      C 9 2                                                      
                                                                                 
    这种"天从我愿"的思维方式,也许有的牌手不敢恭维。然而这正是桥                 
牌的一个魅力所在!即使是"山穷水尽疑无路",你也必须持有胜利希望。                 
那怕这点希望微乎其微,如猴子捞月,你也必须去一试,也许会有"柳暗花                
明又一村",即使失败了,你已尽了十二份的努力,没有人会责怪。现实生                
活中又何偿不是如此!  

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※ 来源:·BBS 水木清华站 bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn·[FROM: 202.119.230.80]

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☆ 来源:.哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn.[FROM: emanuel.bbs@smth.org]
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