Love 版 (精华区)
发信人: cliff (亲爱的葡萄~~~~~), 信区: Love
标 题: 吻的故事
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年11月26日22:13:42 星期一), 转信
Story of "The Kiss"
While visiting the second circle in Hell, Virgil and Dante saw,
among those who had committed sins of the flesh, Paolo and Francesca,
two personages who had really lived in the Middle Ages in Italy.
Around 1275, Francesca, the daughter of Guido da Polenta, married
Gianciotto Malatesta, Lord of Rimini, who entrusted her in the care of
his brother, the handsome young Paolo. Paolo and Francesca fell in
love with each other while reading romances of courtly love. As soon
as they exchanged their first kiss, Gianciotto caught them by surprise
and stabbed them. "Love has led us to a unique death" Dante makes
their shades say. This forbidden love and its consequent eternal
damnation, was a favourite theme among 19th century artists, from Ingres
to Delacroix, and from Ary Scheffer to Cabanel and Henri Martin.
Rodin portrayed the famous lovers at the very instant they became
aware of their feelings. He placed them in the centre of the left leaf
of The Gates of Hell. This group was still in place at the beginning
of 1886 but was removed shortly afterwards, probably because it
portrayed a state of pure happiness which did not fit in with the
theme of the composition. It was exhibited in Paris, then in Brussels in
1887, when it was given the title of The Kiss by critics who were
surprised at the lack of costume or decorative details referring
directly to Paolo and Francesca. Rodin had already rejected the easy
solution of picturesque, litterary or mythological subjects which, by
distracting the viewer, weakened the emotion that should be felt when
contemplating a sculpture.
Like many groups originating from the Gate, The Kiss became an
independent work. On 31 January 1888, the Directorate of Fine Arts
commissioned a version in marble, double the size, for the group was
supposed to be shown at the Universal Exhibition which opened on 6 May
1889. Unfortunately, Jean Turcan, the practicien who was responsible for
carving the group in marble, stopped working on it at the beginning
of 1889. Rodin left it in abeyance ... and the marble version was only
shown at the Salon of the Sociéte Nationale des Beaux-Arts in
1898, at the same time as the large model of Balzac. Aware of the
scandal the latter would arouse, Rodin thought it would be prudent to
exhibit a more traditional work as well. As he anticipated, all the
praise went to The Kiss while his Balzac was showered with criticism.
Yet he himself realized the progress accomplished by both. "The
embrace of The Kiss is undoubtedly very attractive", he acknowledged.
"But I have found nothing in this group. It is a theme frequently
treated in the academic tradition, a subject complete in itself and
artifically isolated from the world surrounding it; it is a big ornament
sculpted according to the usual formula and which focuses attention
on the two personages instead of opening up wide horizons to
daydreams" (Paul Gsell, "Propos de Rodin sur l'art et les artistes",
La Revue, 1st November 1907).
After being presented again at the Universal Exhibition of 1900, The
Kiss entered the Musée du Luxembourg before being deposited at
the Rodin Museum, when it was created in 1918. But in 1900, two other
marble replicas were ordered from Rodin, one by Carl Jacobsen for the
sculpture museum he was setting up in Copenhagen, and the other by an
art lover, Edward Perry Warren, for his own collection (now in the
Tate Gallery in London). The three marble versions were exhibited
together at the Musée d'Orsay in 1995 where it was possible to
observe that the main differences lay in the way the blocks were
carved and the degree of finish, The Kiss belonging to the Rodin
Museum having an unfinished aspect which can be explained by the fact
that work on it was suddenly stopped in early 1889.
However much Rodin protested about the traditional character of
The Kiss, it still remains one of his most famous works, and in the 20th
century it continued to inspire other artists, culminating in
Constantin Brancusi. While denying that he was influenced by Rodin (in
whose studio he had spent a few months on his arrival in Paris),
Brancusi treated this theme many times, from 1907 to 1945, and a fine
example of The Kiss can be seen at Pompidou Centre
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