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发信人: yangs (Fight Deadlines), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: 卡内基美国大学分类
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Sat Dec 1 14:20:43 2001) , 转信
卡内基美国大学分类
寄托天下
高等教育在美国普遍被认为是最重要的智力与财力的投资。因而对高等教育机构的分析就
显得十分重要。为了对美国的高等教育机构进行评估,以往曾有过多种划分方法, 见仁见
智。例如可以按照允许授予学位的最高等级、开课学科的范围、研究活动的规模等等来划
分。有的还采用招生录取率划分,不过,这些都和学校声望排行榜一样,还存在着许多技
术问题而难以具有权威性。
卡内基美国大学分类是由卡内基教育促进基金会(Carnegie Founda-tion for Advancemen
t of Teaching)制订的,是目前美国高等教育界最为广泛采纳的划分方法,囊括了除无学
位职业学校和技术学校之外的所有类型的教育机构。
卡内基美国大学分类与其它一些分类方法之间有几点差别是要特别说明的:
其一,卡内基美国大学分类并不是学校教育质量的排行榜,而是学校类型的区分;
其二,卡内基美国大学分类的顺序是由按照允许授予学位的最高等级来排列的,但是这并
不意味着允许授予博士学位的研究大学在地位上或教育质量上就一定高于只能授予较低学
位的学校(美国的教育体制并非如此,不少只授学士学位的学院其实是早已享誉世界的名
校);
其三,卡内基美国大学分类并非出自官方,也不具有法律约束意义,它仅仅是一项相当有
用的分析手段,便于协助教育工作者或对此有兴趣的人员判定一所大学或学院的整体目标
,或是了解诸如最高学位等级这类的某些学校特点。
卡内基大学分类把学校划分为十种类型,可以粗分为六大范畴,外加一类原来没有包括在
内的一个类型。它们是:大型研究大学、小型授予博士学位大学、综合教育机构、学士学
位教育机构、两年制学院学位教育机构和特殊教育机构,外加职业学校和技术学校。分述
如下:
1.大型研究大学(Large Research Universities):
分在这类中的大学,绝大多数或全部教员的主要工作是集中在研究活动上,这类大学可以
在广泛的许多学科中授予博士学位,主要的一大部份收入是来自赞助的研究项目。
研究大学之中又分成两类:
一类研究大学的指标是:提供全部各个学科的大学本科教育;重点为一直到博士学位的研
究生课程;授予从学士到博士的学位;学校重点是注重研究项目;每年授予五十个以上的
博士学位;每年接受联邦四千万以上的经费资助。
二类研究大学的指标是:其它各项与一类研究大学相同,只是每年接受联邦的经费资助在
一千五百五十万至四千万之间。
2.小型授予博士学位大学(Smaller Doctorate-Granting Universities):
这类大学提供多种学科的学习研究,但只在相对较少的学科中授予博士学位和指导高级研
究。
授予博士学位大学之中也分成两类:
一类博士学位大学的指标是:提供全部各个学科的大学本科教育;注重一直到博士学位的
研究生课程;授予从学士直到博士的学位;学校重点是提供研究生课程;每年在五个以上
的学科中授予至少四十个博士学位。
二类博士学位大学的指标是:其它各项与一类相同,只是每年在三个以上的学科中授予至
少十个博士学位,或者每年在一个以上的学科中授予至少二十个博士学位。
3.综合教育机构(Comprehensive Institutions):
这类大学或学院可以授予硕士及其以下的学位,但是不授博士学位,而且高级研究也不是
重点。
4.学士学位教育机构(Baccalaureate Institutions):
这类教育机构只提供大学本科教育,授予学士学位,但是训练学生,使之掌握进入更高课
程研读的能力。
5.两年制学院学位教育机构(Associate Degree Institutions):
包括授予学业证书和二年制学院学位的社区学院及小学院。此类学校不授予学士及更高的
学位(但学生可以将某些学分转入学士课程计划)。
6.特殊教育机构(Specialized Institutions):
此类学校提供一种或多种相关领域的特殊学位计划,或者训练学生掌握特殊专业技能,或
者只向特殊职业或特定社会团体提供服务。
7.职业/技术教育机构(Vocational/Technical Institutions):
此类学校提供就业范围内短期无学位计划(一般少于两年)。
以下是卡内基大学分类的研究大学及授予博士大学的名单:
研究大学一类/研究大学二类/授予博士大学一类/授予博士大学二类
研究大学(一类):
Arizona State University
Boston University
Brown University
California Institute of Technology
Carnegie Mellon University
Case Western Reserve University
Colorado State University
Columbia university
Cornell University
Duke University
Emory University
Florida State University
Georgetown University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Harvard University
Howard University
Indiana University at Bloomington
Iowa State University
Johns Hopkins University
Louisiana State University and A&M College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Michigan State University
New Mexico State University main campus
New York University
North Carolina State University
Northwestern University
Ohio State University main campus
Oregon State University
Pennsylvania State University main campus
Princeton University
Purdue University main campus
Rockefeller University
Rutgers University at New Brunswick
Stanford University
State University of New York at Buffalo
State University of New York at Stone Brook
Temple University
Texas A&M University main campus
Tufts University
Tulane University
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of Arizona
University of California at Berkeley
University of California at Davis
University of California at Irvine
University of California at Los Angeles
University of California at San Diego
University of California at San Francisco
University of California at Santa Barbara
University of Chicago
University of Cincinnati main Campus
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Connecticut
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Hawaii at Manoa
University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Iowa
University of Kansas main campus
University of Kentucky
University of Maryland at College Park
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
University of Miami
University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
University of Missouri at Columbus
University of Nebraska at Lincoln
University of New Mexico main campus
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh campus
University of Rochester
University of southern California
University of Tennessee at Knoxville
University of Texas at Austin
University of Utah
University of Virginia
University of Washington
University of Wisconsin at Madison
Utah state of University
Vanderbilt University
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Washington University
Wayne State University
West Virginia University
Yale University
Yeshiva University
研究大学(二类):
Auburn University
Brandeis University
Brigham Young University
Clemson University
George Washington University
Kansas State University
Kent State University main campus
Lehigh University
Mississippi State University
Northeastern University
Ohio University main campus
Oklahoma University main campus
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rice University
Saint Louis University
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
State University of New York at Albany
Syracuse University main campus
Texas Tech University
University of Arkansas main campus
University of California at Riverside
University of California at Santa Cruz
University of Delaware
University of Houston
University of Idaho
University of Notre Dame
University of Oklahoma at Norman
University of Oregon
University of Rhode Island
University of South Carolina at Columbia
University of South Florida
University of Vermont
University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee
University of Wyoming
Washington State University
授予博士大学(一类):
Adelphi University
American University
Andrew University
Ball State University
Boston College
Bowling Green State University
Catholic University of America
City University of New York Graduate School and
University Center
Claremont Graduate School
Clark Atlanta University
College of William and Mary
Drexel University
Florida Institute of Technology
Fordham university
Georgia State University
Hofstra University
Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois State University
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Loyola University of Chicago
Marquette University
Miami University
New School for social Research
Northern Arizona University
Northern Illinois University
Nova Southeastern University
Old Dominion University
Polytechnic University
Saint John's University (N.Y.)
Southern Methodist University
State University of New York at Binghamton
Teachers College of Columbia University
Texas A&M University at Commerce
Texas Woman's University
Union Institute
United States International University
University of Akron Main campus
University of Alabama
University of Denver
University of Maryland at Baltimore
University of Memphis
University of Missouri at Kansas City
University of Missouri at Rolla
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
University of North Texas
University of Northern Colorado
University of South Dakota
University of Southern Mississippi
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas at Dallas
University of Toledo
Western Michigan University
授予博士大学(二类):
Baylor University
Biola University
Clark University
Clarkson University
Cleveland State University
Colorado School of Mines
Dartmouth College
De Paul University
Duquesne University
Florida Atlantic University
Florida International University
George Mason University
Hahnemann University
Idaho State University
Indiana State University
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Loma Linda University
Louisiana Tech University
Michigan Technological University
Middle Tennessee State University
Montana State University
New Jersey Institute of Technology
North Dakota State University main campus
Pace University New York campus
Pepperdine University
Portland State University
Rutgers University at Newark
San Diego State University
Seattle University
Seton Hall University
State University of New York College of Environmental
Science and Forestry
Stevens Institute of Technology
Tennessee State University
Texas Christian University
University of Alabama in Huntsville
University of Alaska in Fairbanks
University of Central Florida
University of Colorado at Denver
University of Detroit Mercy
University of Laverne
University of Maine
University of Maryland Baltimore County
University of Massachusetts at Lowell
University of Missouri at Saint Louis
University of Montana
University of Nevada at Reno
University of New Hampshire
University of New Orleans
University of North Dakota main campus
University of the Pacific
University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras campus
University of San Diego
University of San Francisco
University of Southwestern Louisiana
University of Tulsa
Wake Forest University
Wichita State University
Worchester Polytechnic Institute
Wright State University main campus
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