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发信人: us (祝大家美梦成真), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: BeBeyond Application Guide Step 6
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Fri Apr 7 10:17:32 2000), 转信
The 9-Step Guide to Successful Applications to US Schools
6. Money: Get Financial Aid!
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The term "financial aid" has two different definitions.
Most US schools use "financial aid" to mean the US Federal Student Loan (low
interest loan), Federal Work/Study Program, or Federal or State financial a
ssistance (free money) to students from low-income families. This is need-ba
sed financial aid good only for US citizens and permanent residents. And it
is widely available in US schools. That's why many schools sometimes boost a
very high percentage of financial aid. But, it means nothing to you, as for
eign students are not eligible for applying.
In other cases, "financial aid" is used to mean any kind of financial assist
ance, both need-based and merit-based, from both the school and outside sour
ces. The merit-based financial aid includes TA (teaching assistantship), RA
(research assistantship), GA (graduate assistantship), and Scholarship or Fe
llowship (both are free money for students).
It's almost always the case that foreign students can only apply for merit-b
ased financial aid. But be aware that not all merit-financial aid is availab
le for foreign students. For example, every year Cornell University offers 4
0 MBA students scholarships, but they are for citizens or permanent resident
s only.
For most schools, your application for admission also serves as your applica
tion for financial aid. Many schools may require additional one or two piece
s of material for financial aid and may require you to submit your applicati
on before certain dates, which are usually earlier than the admission deadli
ne.
Basis for Awarding Financial Aid
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So, on what basis do schools award their financial aid to applicants? There
are two categories: (1) Academic and other types of excellence, and (2) the
skills that an applicant can offer to the school.
Star students: Every class needs to have a few "star students." With star st
udents being around, other students might feel good about themselves because
they have high-caliber classmates. The star students will probably also pro
vide more intelligent classroom discussions and quality papers that teachers
can show to other students. And in the future, successful star students may
help the school develop a good reputation.
To attract potential star students, almost all US schools use Fellowships or
Scholarships. As you can see from the above description of the purpose of h
aving star students, your application for a Fellowship or Scholarship needs
to show your excellent academic record, unique working or personal experienc
es, good writing and oral communication skills, and a certain level of leade
rship. All previous steps of the 9-Step Guide will help you to come up with
a competitive package if you are applying for a Fellowship or Scholarship.
Assistants: When you are applying for admission, you only need to be a quali
ty applicant. But when you are applying for an assistantship (a TA, RA, or G
A), you need to show that you have the skills to do the job.
For example, if a school is looking for TAs to teach undergraduate Mathemati
cs classes, you'd better have good scores in your math courses. In many of t
he RA cases, school professors are specifically looking for certain skill se
ts and working experiences, which could be computer skills, lab experiences,
etc. You have to find out what they are looking for and show in your applic
ation that you have what they want. Some assistantships, such as some RAs an
d most GAs, need no specific skills or experiences. In those cases, schools
tend to give the assistantships to the best qualified applicants.
Applying Strategies and Tips
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Here are some useful strategies and tips that many Chinese students have suc
cessfully used in preparing their applications:
(1) Be an investigator! The above observations tell you general information
of the kind of things US schools are looking for from applicants for financi
al aid. You need to find out details for your target schools so you can tail
or application according to their needs. How to conduct the investigation? P
lease read the Step 5 of the 9-Step Guide.
(2) Probability helps. Apply to more schools and different kinds of schools!
If all your targeted schools are top schools, you may find out later that n
one of them will offer you financial aid. You need to apply to some less com
petitive schools or to more schools to increase your probability of getting
financial aid.
(3) Be flexible and know all the opportunities. Don't stick to a few schools
or the only field that you want to get into. If your goal is to get financi
al aid, be flexible! Also, there are many opportunities that few people know
about. For example, applying to MBA programs is so popular now that it's ha
rd to get financial aid from an MBA program. But if you apply for an MS in F
inance, you may easily get financial aid.
(4) Networking with insiders. For students who want to apply for an assistan
tship, the easiest way is probably to get some help from within the schools.
If you know somebody who is studying in the school, he or she might be able
to recommend you to certain professors or tell you what to do with your app
lication. This is very effective! Also, when you have a chance to meet US pr
ofessors who are visiting China, try to talk to them -- and then keep contac
t with them after they go back to America! If you can do this, you are almos
t guaranteed an assistantship. Finally, more and more Chinese now are teachi
ng in US schools. Try to find out their background (for example, one might o
riginally from Fudan University) and contact them.
(5) Nothing is final with financial aid. The most inaccurate information in
a school catalog could be the information about assistantships. In many case
s, schools won't really know how many assistantships they need until long af
ter the application deadline passes. Also, professors have always applied fo
r all kinds of research grants and some of them may suddenly come -- for exa
mple, in August. So, if you keep contact with the school even when they have
refused you financial aid, you may get it later because of the unexpected m
oney. Alternatively, after you have arrived in school, you can talk to the s
chool and the school may give you one then.
More and Easier than You Think
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Most Chinese applicants think that it is extremely difficult to get financia
l aid and are puzzled by the awarding process. So they put all their energy
into scoring high on the standardized tests (GRE and TOEFL), hoping this wil
l bring them good fortune. This is precisely the wrong approach!
There are a lot of opportunities for financial aid -- and you don't have to
score even 2,000 on the GRE to get one. The keys are to (1) know where the o
pportunies exist and (2) what the schools or professors want and then to (3)
prepare your application tailored specifically for them. To keep taking tes
ts does not do any of the three important things for you.
Remember, there are always more financial aid opportunities than you think a
nd getting finanicial aid is easier than you have imagined if you take the r
ight approach. But you do need good communication skills and in-depth knowle
dge of the American system!
(Author: Jinbo Xie, BeBeyond.com, 1999)
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