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标 题: 文书写作教程[六]:不要停下来,反复修改!
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Tue Nov 5 13:38:05 2002) , 转信
文书写作教程[六]:不要停下来,反复修改!
Lesson Six: Editing and Revising
Writing is not a one-time act. Writing is a process. Memorable writing
comes more from rewriting than it does from the first draft. By rewriting
you will improve your essay -- guaranteed. If you skimp on the rewriting
process, you significantly reduce the chances that your essay will be as
good as it could be.
Once you have taken a break from your essay, come back and read it through
one time with a fresh perspective. Analyze it as objectively as possible
based on the following three components: substance, structure, and
interest. Do not worry yet about surface errors and spelling mistakes;
focus instead on the larger issues. Consider reordering your supporting
details, delete irrelevant sections, and make clear the broader
implications of your experiences. Allow your more important arguments to
come to the foreground. Take points that might only be implicit and make
them explicit.
51edit.com can significantly help you with the editing and revising
process. Having edited tens of thousands of admissions essays, our Harvard-
educated editors can take a poor, boring essay and make it a powerful
personal essay. We will carefully edit the essay to improve the impact of
the introduction and conclusion, the logic and transition, the content, and
the grammar. For more on our services, please visit our editing section.
In order to figure out where revisions are necessary, you are going to need
as many different sets of eyes to read your essay as possible. Whether it
is you or one of your friends, our professional Harvard editors, family
members or teachers, these questions will help guide your revision process.
1. Editing Checklist
SUBSTANCE
Substance refers to the content of the essay and the message you send out.
Here are some questions to ask yourself regarding content:
· Have I answered the question asked?
· Do I back up each point that I make with an example? Have I used
concrete and personal examples?
· Have I been specific? (Go on a generalities hunt. Turn the
generalities into specifics.)
· Could anyone else have written this essay?
· What does it say about me? After making a list of all the words
you have used within the essay -- directly and indirectly -- to describe
yourself, ask: Does this list accurately represent me?
· Does the writing sound like me? Is it personal and informal
rather than uptight or stiff?
· Regarding the introduction, is it personal? Is it too general?
Can the essay get along without it?
· What about the essay makes it memorable?
STRUCTURE
The meaning of an essay can be obscured by not properly ordering your
ideas. Your essay should be a roadmap leading the reader to an inevitable
conclusion.
· To check the overall structure of your essay, conduct a first-
sentence check. Write down the first sentence of every paragraph in order.
Read through them one after another and ask the following:
o Would someone who was reading only these sentences still
understand exactly what I am trying to say?
o Do the first sentences express all of my main points?
o Do the thoughts flow naturally, or do they seem to skip around or
come out of left field?
· Now go back to your essay as a whole and ask these questions:
o Does each paragraph stick to the thought that was introduced in
the first sentence?
o Does a piece of evidence support each point? How well does the
evidence support the point?
· Is each paragraph roughly the same length? Stepping back and
squinting at the essay, do the paragraphs look balanced on the page? (If
one is significantly longer than the rest, you are probably trying to
squeeze more than one thought into it.)
· Does my conclusion draw naturally from the previous paragraphs?
· Have I varied the length and structure of my sentences?
INTEREST
Many people think only of mechanics when they revise and rewrite their
compositions. As we know, though, the interest factor is crucial in keeping
the admissions officers reading and remembering your essay. Look at your
essay with the interest equation in mind: personal + specific =
interesting. Answer the following:
· Is the opening paragraph personal?
· Do I start with action or an image?
· Does the essay show rather than tell?
· Did I use any words that are not usually a part of my
vocabulary? (If so, get rid of them.)
· Have I used the active voice whenever possible?
· Have I overused adjectives and adverbs?
· Have I eliminated clichés?
· Have I deleted redundancies?
· Does the essay sound interesting to me? (If it bores you,
imagine what it will do to others.)
· Will the ending give the reader a sense of completeness? Does
the last sentence sound like the last sentence?
PROOFREADING
When you are satisfied with the structure and content of your essay, it is
time to check for grammar, spelling, typos, and the like. You can fix
obvious things right away: a misspelled or misused word, a seemingly
endless sentence, or improper punctuation. Keep rewriting until your words
say what you want them to say. Ask yourself these questions:
· Did I punctuate correctly?
· Did I eliminate exclamation points (except in dialogue)?
· Did I use capitalization clearly and consistently?
· Do the subjects agree in number with the verbs?
· Did I place the periods and commas inside the quotation marks?
· Did I keep contractions to a minimum? Do apostrophes appear in
the right places?
· Did I replace the name of the proper school for each new
application?
· Have I caught every single typo? (You can use your spell-checker
but make sure that you check and re-check every change it makes. It is a
computer after all.)
2. Final Steps
Read Your Essay Out Loud: To help you polish the essay even further, read
it out loud. You will be amazed at the faulty grammar and awkward language
that your ears can detect. This will also give you a good sense of the flow
of the piece and will alert you to anything that sounds too abrupt or out
of place. Good writing, like good music, has a certain rhythm. How does
your essay sound? Is it interesting and varied or drawn out and monotonous?
Have Your Essay Professionally Edited: After spending hundreds of dollars
on test prep courses and guidebooks, you must be extremely confident if you
decide not to seek a professional's advice on the most controllable aspect
of the entire application.
Named "the world's premier application essay editing service" by The San
Francisco Chronicle, 51edit.com has helped more applicants write successful
application essays than any other company in the world. Please click here
to have your essay professionally edited.
Congratulations!
You have completed the course.
We wish you the best of luck throughout the application process.
--
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