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发信人: uwm (waiting...), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: The 9-Step Guide to Successful Applications-6
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (Fri Nov 22 21:22:15 2002) , 转信
6. Money: Get Financial Aid!
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The term "financial aid" has two different definitions.
Most US schools use "financial aid" to mean the US Federal Student Loan (low i
nterest loan), Federal Work/Study Program, or Federal or State financial assis
tance (free money) to students from low-income families. This is need-based fi
nancial aid good only for US citizens and permanent residents. And it is widel
y available in US schools. That's why many schools sometimes boost a very high
percentage of financial aid. But, it means nothing to you, as foreign student
s are not eligible for applying.
In other cases, "financial aid" is used to mean any kind of financial assistan
ce, both need-based and merit-based, from both the school and outside sources.
The merit-based financial aid includes TA (teaching assistantship), RA (resea
rch assistantship), GA (graduate assistantship), and Scholarship or Fellowship
(both are free money for students).
It's almost always the case that foreign students can only apply for merit-bas
ed financial aid. But be aware that not all merit-financial aid is available f
or foreign students. For example, every year Cornell University offers 40 MBA
students scholarships, but they are for citizens or permanent residents only.
For most schools, your application for admission also serves as your applicati
on for financial aid. Many schools may require additional one or two pieces of
material for financial aid and may require you to submit your application bef
ore certain dates, which are usually earlier than the admission deadline.
Basis for Awarding Financial Aid
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So, on what basis do schools award their financial aid to applicants? There ar
e two categories: (1) Academic and other types of excellence, and (2) the skil
ls that an applicant can offer to the school.
Star students: Every class needs to have a few "star students." With star stud
ents being around, other students might feel good about themselves because the
y have high-caliber classmates. The star students will probably also provide m
ore intelligent classroom discussions and quality papers that teachers can sho
w to other students. And in the future, successful star students may help the
school develop a good reputation.
To attract potential star students, almost all US schools use Fellowships or S
cholarships. As you can see from the above description of the purpose of havin
g star students, your application for a Fellowship or Scholarship needs to sho
w your excellent academic record, unique working or personal experiences, good
writing and oral communication skills, and a certain level of leadership. All
previous steps of the 9-Step Guide will help you to come up with a competitiv
e package if you are applying for a Fellowship or Scholarship.
Assistants: When you are applying for admission, you only need to be a quality
applicant. But when you are applying for an assistantship (a TA, RA, or GA),
you need to show that you have the skills to do the job.
For example, if a school is looking for TAs to teach undergraduate Mathematics
classes, you'd better have good scores in your math courses. In many of the R
A cases, school professors are specifically looking for certain skill sets and
working experiences, which could be computer skills, lab experiences, etc. Yo
u have to find out what they are looking for and show in your application that
you have what they want. Some assistantships, such as some RAs and most GAs,
need no specific skills or experiences. In those cases, schools tend to give t
he assistantships to the best qualified applicants.
Applying Strategies and Tips
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Here are some useful strategies and tips that many Chinese students have succe
ssfully used in preparing their applications:
(1) Be an investigator! The above observations tell you general information of
the kind of things US schools are looking for from applicants for financial a
id. You need to find out details for your target schools so you can tailor app
lication according to their needs. How to conduct the investigation? Please re
ad the Step 5 of the 9-Step Guide.
(2) Probability helps. Apply to more schools and different kinds of schools! I
f all your targeted schools are top schools, you may find out later that none
of them will offer you financial aid. You need to apply to some less competiti
ve schools or to more schools to increase your probability of getting financia
l aid.
(3) Be flexible and know all the opportunities. Don't stick to a few schools o
r the only field that you want to get into. If your goal is to get financial a
id, be flexible! Also, there are many opportunities that few people know about
. For example, applying to MBA programs is so popular now that it's hard to ge
t financial aid from an MBA program. But if you apply for an MS in Finance, yo
u may easily get financial aid.
(4) Networking with insiders. For students who want to apply for an assistants
hip, the easiest way is probably to get some help from within the schools. If
you know somebody who is studying in the school, he or she might be able to re
commend you to certain professors or tell you what to do with your application
. This is very effective! Also, when you have a chance to meet US professors w
ho are visiting China, try to talk to them -- and then keep contact with them
after they go back to America! If you can do this, you are almost guaranteed a
n assistantship. Finally, more and more Chinese now are teaching in US schools
. Try to find out their background (for example, one might originally from Fud
an University) and contact them.
(5) Nothing is final with financial aid. The most inaccurate information in a
school catalog could be the information about assistantships. In many cases, s
chools won't really know how many assistantships they need until long after th
e application deadline passes. Also, professors have always applied for all ki
nds of research grants and some of them may suddenly come -- for example, in A
ugust. So, if you keep contact with the school even when they have refused you
financial aid, you may get it later because of the unexpected money. Alternat
ively, after you have arrived in school, you can talk to the school and the sc
hool may give you one then.
More and Easier than You Think
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Most Chinese applicants think that it is extremely difficult to get financial
aid and are puzzled by the awarding process. So they put all their energy into
scoring high on the standardized tests (GRE and TOEFL), hoping this will brin
g them good fortune. This is precisely the wrong approach!
There are a lot of opportunities for financial aid -- and you don't have to sc
ore even 2,000 on the GRE to get one. The keys are to (1) know where the oppor
tunies exist and (2) what the schools or professors want and then to (3) prepa
re your application tailored specifically for them. To keep taking tests does
not do any of the three important things for you.
Remember, there are always more financial aid opportunities than you think and
getting finanicial aid is easier than you have imagined if you take the right
approach. But you do need good communication skills and in-depth knowledge of
the American system!
(Author: Jinbo Xie, BeBeyond.com)
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