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发信人: magic (独行狂人), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: How to be a good TA(6)
发信站: 紫 丁 香 (Sat Jan 9 09:58:24 1999), 转信
5 Leading sections in specific fields
TAs teach many kinds of courses in which they can use several of
the skills and strategies discussed above. The sections below
provide more specific guidelines for teaching different kinds of
classes.
5.1 Discussion sections in the Humanities and Social Sciences
Learning how to orchestrate exciting discussions is the nub of
figuring out how to teach effectively in the humanities and social
sciences. There is no single method for sparking dialogue. Actively
listening to your students may be one of the most important keys to
leading an effective discussion. Trying to be as attentive as you can
to both the meaning and the common themes in your students'
remarks-even if these remarks seem tired or cliched to you-is also
important. Writing down your students comments as they talk may
make you a better listener. This practice also encourages students to
look at their peers and not only at you when they speak. Encourage
conversation, as opposed to unconnected comments, by linking one
student's comments to another's.
Many TAs focus on raising or soliciting questions as a way of
guiding discussion. Others prepare short written assignments, give
brief presentations, or ask students to give brief presentations in
order to get things going. The following is a selection of diverse
strategies with which you may want to experiment.
Ask provocative questions. You can simply ask them orally,
pass them out in written form either prior to or during section,
or ask students to turn in questions of their own, to start
discussion.
Make controversy work for you. Write several controversial
statements related to the material on the board and ask each
student to agree or disagree with one of them.
Ask specific questions. A vague and amorphous question
such as "What did you all think about the reading?," while
ostensibly easy to answer, can instead be so daunting as to
prevent your students from sharpening and articulating their
thoughts. Try to break large concepts or generalizations
down to component questions so as not to daunt students by
large theoretical or monolithic questions. Using key words or
themes to narrow the questions down will help in this respect.
At the same time, do not ask many questions so narrow as to
urally identify this pattern in
music might cause great frustration for both teacher and student. A
remedy for such frustration is not easily arrived at, especially since it
is widely acknowledged that certain individuals may entirely lack the
ability to develop specialized sensory skills, and therefore to
accomplish such a task. But more likely than not, a student will
possess at least some ability to "improve" his innate aptitudes. Since
one-on-one drilling or tutoring is often the most productive means of
doing this, teachers for such courses should encourage students
having difficulties to come to office hours. It is also recommended to
assess attitude rather than ability alone when grading such students.
TAs in these courses often have to teach students who are simply
fulfilling a fine arts requirement and not taking the course seriously.
Often, a TA's own love and respect for the subject matter can make
a positive impact on such individuals.
Arts courses frequently utilize multi-media equipment as well as
"live" art. Here are some tips to bear in mind
Make sure you have good command over the working of the
audio and visual equipment. Make sure slides, CDs, etc. are
in order. Students can be fairly tolerant when problems arise,
but usually have little patience with large-scale
disorganization.
Try to engage the students in "real art situations" as much as
possible. For example, if you have the background, play your
own musical examples on the piano, or invite an amateur
string quartet to play for a music class. Hold a section at the
Yale Art Gallery or British Art Museum. Have students
attend recitals and write concert reviews.
Be mindful when choosing examples of music or art. Too
many examples glossed over too quickly or poorly chosen
examples will usually bore or frustrate students.
Leading discussions
Many TAs are surprised to learn that discussions are not only
possible in art and music courses, but are often an effective tool in
helping students interpret the subject. While lectures are important,
especially in establishing factual background (i.e., artist's lives,
individual styles, and representative works), any sort of less
definitive topic is probably good fodder for discussion. Some TAs
find it effective to divide section time between mini-lectures and
class discussion. Discussions might involve: interpreting documents,
critiquing artistic discourse, and analyzing philosophical assumptions.
Finally, it is perhaps too readily assumed that the student has the
basic willingness to "appreciate" the material at hand. Encouraging
students to articulate as precisely as possible what they like or
dislike about piece of art or music will help them to engage the
subject. And, of course, it is important for a TA to bear in mind that
to appreciate something does not necessarily mean to like it.
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