Flyingoverseas 版 (精华区)
发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: GRE笔试真题No.3-1
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年08月21日18:38:20 星期二), 站内信件
It is true that the seeds of some plants have ----
after two hundred years of dormancy, but
reports that viable seeds have been found in
ancient tombs such as the pyramids are
entirely----
revived.. empirical
germinated.. unfounded
endured.. irrelevant
erupted.. reasonable
proliferated.. substantiated
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
dormancy: n.1.休眠,蛰伏 2.潜伏,不活动状态
viable: a.1.能活的 2.(在特殊气候中)能生存的,(种子)能发芽生长的 3.可行的
tomb: n.坟墓,冢,葬身之地
pyramid: n.1.(埃及)金字塔 2.(数)棱锥(体)
revive: v.1.苏醒,复活,再生 2.恢复精力,振奋 3.复兴,再流行
empirical: a.经验主义的,以经验为根据的
germinate: v.使发芽,使发生,使发展
unfounded: a.没有事实根据的,没有理由的,虚幻的
endure: v.1.忍住,耐受 2.(与cannot连用)容忍
erupt: v.喷射,爆发
proliferate: v.1.增殖,增生,多育 2.激增,扩散
substantiate: v.1.证实,证明…有根据 2.使具体化,使实体化
尽管某些植物的种子在经过了200年的潜伏状态之后现已发芽,这是确凿无疑的,但是,
在诸如金字塔等古代坟墓中已寻找到一些可发芽的种子,此类报道纯属无稽之谈。
Even though many persons in the audience
jeered the star throughout the play, she ----
curtain calls.
refused all
adored some
delayed several
appeared for
balked at
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
jeer: v.嘲笑,嘲弄
curtain call: n.要求谢幕的掌声,谢幕
balk: v.1.(马等)逡巡不前 2.畏缩不前,回避(at)
尽管观众中有许多人在整场戏的演出过程中对那位明星万般嘲弄,但她仍然出来答谢了
观众多次要求谢幕的掌声。
The most technologically advanced societies
have been responsible for the greatest ----;
indeed, savagery seems to be in direct
proportion to ----.
wars.. viciousness
catastrophes.. ill-will
atrocities.. development
inventions.. know-how
triumphs.. civilization
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
savagery: n.1.野性,残暴 2.原始状态 3.荒凉景象
proportion: n.1.比率(例) 2.均衡,相称,调和 3.部分
viciousness: n.1.邪恶,坠落 2.恶意,恶毒,凶恶 3.恶性,险恶,烈性
catastrophe: n.1.戏剧(尤指悲剧)的结局 2.大灾难,大败 3.大变动
ill-will: n.仇视,敌意
atrocity: n.1.凶恶,残暴,暴行 2.(口)庸俗不堪的东西,令人不愉快的事物
know-how: n.(口)实际知识;技能;决窍
triumph: n.1.胜利 2.非凡的成功,杰出成就 3.喜悦,狂喜
那些技术最发达的社会对最大程度上的残暴行径负有不可推卸的责任;确实,暴行似乎
和发展构成了一种直接的比例关系。
The combination of ------and ------ in
Edmund's speech can be starting, especially
when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity
amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a
gentleman of the old school.
tact.. innocence
raciness.. ribaldry
piousness.. modesty
elegance.. earthiness
propriety.. bashfulness
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
starting: a.使人惊动的,触目惊心的
slyly: adv.1.狡猾地,狡诈地 2.躲躲闪闪地,偷偷摸摸地
slip in: v.(不惹人注意地)迅速放置,偷偷塞,悄悄给
juicy: a.1.多液汁的 2.多雨潮湿的 3.活力充沛的
4.津津有味的,有趣的,刺激性的(尤指不健康的)
vulgarity: n.1.粗俗,粗鄙 2.粗野行为,粗俗语
mellifluous: a.1.加了蜜糖 2.甜美的,流畅的
circumlocution: n.迂回说法,累赘的话,遁辞
old school: n.(总)守旧派
tact: n.1.(古)触觉 2.老练,机智,圆滑,得体
innocence: n.1.清白,无罪 2.天真,单纯 3.无知,幼稚
raciness: n.1.保持原来的美味(香味) 2.活泼,充满活力
3.(文章)生动,尖锐,泼辣 4.猬亵,挑逗
ribaldry: n.下流,下流的语言(笑话)
piousness: n.虔诚,敬神,虔奉宗教
earthiness: n.1.土质,土性 2.粗陋,朴实
propriety: n.1.适当,妥,得体,合宜 2.礼貌 3.礼仪,礼节
bashfulness: n.害羞,忸怩
在埃德蒙的言谈中,典雅与粗陋的掺杂混合真是让人惊诧不已,尤其是当他在旧派绅士
甜美流畅的委婉语中,神不知鬼不觉地插入某些富于挑逗意味的粗俗之辞。
For many young people during the Roaring
Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of
American culture ---- a wanderlust to provoke
an exodus abroad.
stymied
overwhelmed
reflected
combined with
conflicted with
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
roaring: a.1.咆哮轰鸣的 2.喧闹(器)的 3.活跃兴旺的,热烈的
the Roaring Twenties: n.(一战之后美国)兴旺的20世纪20年代
disgust: v.1.作呕 2.厌恶,憎恶,愤慨
excess: n.1.超越,超过 2.过量,过多,过度 3.(饮食烟酒等的)无节制,无度
wanderlust: 漫游癖
provoke: v.1.对…挑衅,煽动,刺激 2.激起,引起,惹 3.诱导,导致
exodus: n.1.(大批的或成群的)出去,外出,离开 2.(大批的)移居国外
stymie: v.使处于困境,使进退两难,阻拦,阻碍
overwhelm: v.1.征服,压倒 2.使受不了,使不知所措
conflict: v.1.(长期的)战斗,战争 2.冲突,抵触,争论
对于美国20年代的许多年轻人来说,一种对美国文化奢靡之风的腻烦,与某种漫游癖
相结合,从而引发了一场大规模的出国潮。
Every new theory not only must ---- the valid
predictions of the old theory, but must also
explain why those predictions ---- within the
range of that old theory.
organize.. failed
generate.. faltered
promote.. functioned
refute.. evolved
accommodate.. succeeded
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
valid: a.1.有根据的,有理的,确凿的,令人信服的 2.有效的
prediction: n.1.预言,预料,预订 2.预言的事物
generate: v.1.产生,发生 2.造成,引起,导致 3.生育
falter: v.1.蹒跚,踉跄 2.颤抖,结巴地说 3.动摇,犹豫,畏缩
promote: v.1.提升,晋升 2.促进,提倡 3.促使(议案等)通过 4.发起,创办
5.宣传,推销
function: v.1.工作,活动,运转 2.行使职责,起作用
refute: v.驳斥,反驳,驳倒,辩驳
evolve: v.1.使逐步形成,发展 2.〔生〕进化形成,发育成
accommodate: v.1.使适应,使符合一致 2.调和,在…之间消弭纷争 3.给…提供方
便,通融 4.(宽绰地)容纳,为…提供空间
每一种新理论不仅仅必须容纳旧理论中正确有效的预测,而且还应该解释这些预测为何
能在旧理论的范围内卓有成效。
Human reaction to the realm of thought is often
as strong as that to sensible presences; our
higher moral life is based on the fact that ----
sensations actually present may have a weaker
influence on our action than do ideas of ----facts.
disturbing.. ordinary
material.. remote
emotional.. impersonal
definitive.. controversial
familiar.. symbolic
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
reaction: n.1.(对刺激等的)反应 2.〔医〕〔生理〕反应 3.反动,对抗
realm: n.界,领域,范围
sensible: a.1.明智的,切合实际的 2.知道的,意识到的 3.可注意到的,明显的
4.感觉得到的,可觉察的
presence: n.1.出席,在场,存在 2.周围,面前 3.仪表,风度,气质
impersonal: a.1.非个人的,不受个人感情影响的,客观的 2.没有人情味的,冷淡的
3.不作为人存在的,不具人格的
definitive: a.1.决定性的,最后的,确定的 2.最可靠的,权威性的
3.限定的,限制的,规定的
controversial: a.1.争论的,辩论的 2.引起争论的 3.爱争论的
symbolic: a.1.象征(性)的,作为象征的 2.象征主义的,使用象征的
3.符号的,构成符号的
人类对思维领域的反应常常与对可感觉到的存在物的反应显得同等强烈;我们更高层次
的道德生活以这样的一个事实为基础,即那些实际存在的物质感受对我们的行为所产生
的影
响,有可能弱于那些有关遥远事实的思想所产生的影响。
EPILOGUE: NOVEL::
lyric: poem
violin: sonata
title: sermon
song: cycle
coda: symphony
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
后记:小说
抒情诗:诗
小提琴:奏鸣曲
题目:布道
歌:循环
尾声:交响乐
PIECE: JIGSAW PUZZLE::
clasp: bracelet
tile: mosaic
cue: dialogue
hint: answer
secret: mystery
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
块:拼图游戏
夹子(抱紧):手镯
瓷砖:马赛克
暗示(提示性台词):对话
暗示:回答
秘密:神秘
DIAMETER: CIRCLE::
diagonal: rectangle
equator: hemisphere
altitude: triangle
noon: day
radius: cone
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
直径:圆
对角线:长方形
赤道:半球
高(海拔):三角形
中午:天
半径:圆锥
MANDATORY: COMPLY::
tacit: approve
vacant: occupy
arduous: avoid
forbidden: abstain
artistic: admire
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
必须履行的:遵守
心照不宣的:同意
空的:占据
费力的:避免
严令禁止的:戒绝
艺术的:仰慕
EXEMPLARY: CRITICIZED::
periodic: counted
erratic: predicted
precocious: emulated
hypothetical: verified
fawning: reciprocated
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
模范的:被批评
周期的:被计算
古怪的(反复无常的):被预测
早熟的:被竞争
假设的:被证实的
奉承的(小鹿):被报答
CREDULITY: DUPE::
truculence: hero
discrimination: connoisseur
eloquence: sage
rationality: critic
perseverance: conqueror
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
轻信:易受骗的人
好斗,凶猛:英雄(男主角)
鉴别力(区别,歧视):鉴赏家
雄辩:圣人
合理性:评论家
坚韧不拔:征服者
CALLIGRAPHY: SCRIBBLE::
elegy: hymn
opera: libretto
document: source
sonnet: doggerel
epic: essay
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
书法:涂鸦
挽歌:赞美诗
歌剧:脚本
档案文件(证券):源头
十四行诗:打油诗
史诗:短文
RECOMMEND: LAUD::
suggest: deduce
assume: instigate
calculate: arrange
sanction: foster
believe: persuade
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
推荐:赞扬
建议:演绎
假装(假设,承当):股动
计算:安排
批准(制裁):促进(养育)
相信:说服
BALEFUL: MENACE::
competent: achievement
flirtatious: affection
placid: boredom
brusque: retort
solicitous: concern
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
有害的:威胁
有能力的:成就
调情的:爱
平静的:厌倦,乏味
唐突的:反驳
关心的,挂念的:关心
Notable as important nineteenth-
century novels by women, Mary Shelley's
Frankenstein and Emily Bronte's
Wuthering Heights treat women very
(5) differently. Shelley produced a
"masculine text in which the fates
of subordinate female characters
seem entirely dependent on the
actions of male heroes or anti-
(10) heroes. Bronte produced a more
realistic narrative portraying a world
where men battle for the favors of
apparently high-spirited, independent
women. Nevertheless, these two novels
(15) are alike in several crucial ways.
Many readers are convinced that the
compelling mysteries of each plot
conceal elaborate structures of
allusion and fierce, though shadowy,
(20) moral ambitions that seem to indicate
metaphysical intentions, though
efforts by critics to articulate
these intentions have generated much
controversy. Both novelists use a
(25) storytelling method that emphasizes
ironic disjunctions between different
perspectives on the same events as
well as ironic tensions that inhere in
the relationship between surface drama
(30) and concealed authorial intention,
a method I call an evidentiary narrative
technique.
The primary purpose of the passage
is to
defend a controversial interpretation
of two novels
explain the source of widely recognized
responses to two novels
delineate broad differences between two
novels
compare and contrast two novels
criticize and evaluate two novels
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
作为十九世纪由女性作家创作的重要小说而令人瞩目的是,玛丽·雪莱(Mary
Shelley)的《弗兰肯斯泰因》(Frankenstein)和艾米丽·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)的
《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Henghts)以迥然不同的手法来描绘女性人物。雪莱创作出了
一部“男性化”的文本,处于隶属地位(subordinate)的女性人物的命运似乎完全依
赖于男性主人公(hero)或反主人公(anti-hero)的行为。勃朗特则创作出了一部较
为现实的故事,描绘这样一个世界,在这个世界中,男性为着显然是高傲的、独立不羁
的女性的宠爱而斗争。虽然如此,这两部小说在某些至关重要的方面甚为近似。许多读
者深信,每个故事情节的那种强烈的神秘感掩盖着复杂的暗指(allusion)和强烈的—
—尽管是朦胧的——道德雄心的结构,这些似乎要昭示某些形而上的(metaphysical)
的意图,虽然评论家试图阐述这些意图的努力引发了甚多争议。两位小说家所采用的叙
事手法均强调在相同事件上不同视角之间的讽刺性脱节,以及在表层戏剧和隐秘的作者
意图之间的关系中所内含的讽刺性张力,而这一手法我将其谓做“作证性叙事技巧”
(evidentiary narrative technique)。
According to the passage, Frankenstein
differs from Wuthering Heights in its
use of multiple narrators
method of disguising the author's real
purposes
portrayal of men as determiners of the
novel's action
creation of a realistic story
controversial effect on readers
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
作为十九世纪由女性作家创作的重要小说而令人瞩目的是,玛丽·雪莱(Mary
Shelley)的《弗兰肯斯泰因》(Frankenstein)和艾米丽·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)的
《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Henghts)以迥然不同的手法来描绘女性人物。雪莱创作出了
一部“男性化”的文本,处于隶属地位(subordinate)的女性人物的命运似乎完全依
赖于男性主人公(hero)或反主人公(anti-hero)的行为。勃朗特则创作出了一部较
为现实的故事,描绘这样一个世界,在这个世界中,男性为着显然是高傲的、独立不羁
的女性的宠爱而斗争。虽然如此,这两部小说在某些至关重要的方面甚为近似。许多读
者深信,每个故事情节的那种强烈的神秘感掩盖着复杂的暗指(allusion)和强烈的—
—尽管是朦胧的——道德雄心的结构,这些似乎要昭示某些形而上的(metaphysical)
的意图,虽然评论家试图阐述这些意图的努力引发了甚多争议。两位小说家所采用的叙
事手法均强调在相同事件上不同视角之间的讽刺性脱节,以及在表层戏剧和隐秘的作者
意图之间的关系中所内含的讽刺性张力,而这一手法我将其谓做“作证性叙事技巧”
(evidentiary narrative technique)。
Which of the following narrative
strategies best exemplifies the
"evidentiary narrative technique"
mentioned in line 31-32?
Telling a story in such a way that the
author's real intentions are discernible
only through interpretations of allusions
to a world outside that of the story.
Telling a story in such a way that the
reader is aware as events unfold of the
author's underlying purposes and the
ways these purposes conflict with the
drama of the plot
Telling a story in a way that both directs
attention to the incongruities among the
points of view of several characters and
hints that the plot has a significance
other than that suggested by its mere
events
Telling a story as a mystery in which
the reader must deduce, from the
conflicting evidence presented by
several narrators, the moral and
philosophical significance of
character and event
Telling a story from the author's point
of view in a way that implies both the
author's and the reader's ironic distance
from the dramatic unfolding of events
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
作为十九世纪由女性作家创作的重要小说而令人瞩目的是,玛丽·雪莱(Mary
Shelley)的《弗兰肯斯泰因》(Frankenstein)和艾米丽·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)的
《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Henghts)以迥然不同的手法来描绘女性人物。雪莱创作出了
一部“男性化”的文本,处于隶属地位(subordinate)的女性人物的命运似乎完全依
赖于男性主人公(hero)或反主人公(anti-hero)的行为。勃朗特则创作出了一部较
为现实的故事,描绘这样一个世界,在这个世界中,男性为着显然是高傲的、独立不羁
的女性的宠爱而斗争。虽然如此,这两部小说在某些至关重要的方面甚为近似。许多读
者深信,每个故事情节的那种强烈的神秘感掩盖着复杂的暗指(allusion)和强烈的—
—尽管是朦胧的——道德雄心的结构,这些似乎要昭示某些形而上的(metaphysical)
的意图,虽然评论家试图阐述这些意图的努力引发了甚多争议。两位小说家所采用的叙
事手法均强调在相同事件上不同视角之间的讽刺性脱节,以及在表层戏剧和隐秘的作者
意图之间的关系中所内含的讽刺性张力,而这一手法我将其谓做“作证性叙事技巧”
(evidentiary narrative technique)。
According to the passage, the plots of
Wuthering Heights and Frankenstein are
notable for their elements of
drama and secrecy
heroism and tension
realism and ambition
mystery and irony
morality and metaphysics
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
作为十九世纪由女性作家创作的重要小说而令人瞩目的是,玛丽·雪莱(Mary
Shelley)的《弗兰肯斯泰因》(Frankenstein)和艾米丽·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)的
《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Henghts)以迥然不同的手法来描绘女性人物。雪莱创作出了
一部“男性化”的文本,处于隶属地位(subordinate)的女性人物的命运似乎完全依
赖于男性主人公(hero)或反主人公(anti-hero)的行为。勃朗特则创作出了一部较
为现实的故事,描绘这样一个世界,在这个世界中,男性为着显然是高傲的、独立不羁
的女性的宠爱而斗争。虽然如此,这两部小说在某些至关重要的方面甚为近似。许多读
者深信,每个故事情节的那种强烈的神秘感掩盖着复杂的暗指(allusion)和强烈的—
—尽管是朦胧的——道德雄心的结构,这些似乎要昭示某些形而上的(metaphysical)
的意图,虽然评论家试图阐述这些意图的努力引发了甚多争议。两位小说家所采用的叙
事手法均强调在相同事件上不同视角之间的讽刺性脱节,以及在表层戏剧和隐秘的作者
意图之间的关系中所内含的讽刺性张力,而这一手法我将其谓做“作证性叙事技巧”
(evidentiary narrative technique)。
Climatic conditions are delicately
adjusted to the composition of the
Earth's atmosphere. If there were
a change in the atmosphere—for
(5) example, in the relative proportions
of atmospheric gases—the climate
would probably change also. A slight
increase in water vapor, for instance,
would increase the heat-retaining
(10) capacity of the atmosphere and would
lead to a rise in global temperatures.
In contrast, a large increase in water
vapor would increase the thickness
and extent of the cloud layer,
(15) reducing the amount of solar energy
reaching the Earth's surface.
The level of carbon dioxide, CO2,
in the atmosphere has an important
effect on climatic change. Most of
(20) the Earth's incoming energy is
short-wavelength radiation, which
tends to pass through atmospheric
CO2 easily. The Earth, however,
reradiates much of the received energy
(25) as long-wavelength radiation, which
CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the
Earth. This phenomenon, known as the
greenhouse effect, can result in an
increase in the surface temperature
(30) of a planet. An extreme example of
the effect is shown by Venus, a planet
covered by heavy clouds composed
mostly of CO2,whose surface
temperatures have been measured
(35) at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the
atmosphere is reduced, the temperature
falls. According to one respectable
theory, if the atmospheric CO2
concentration were halved, the Earth
(40) would become completely covered
with ice. Another equally respectable
theory, however, states that a halving
of respectable theory, however, states
that a halving of the CO2 concentration
(45) would lead only to a reduction in
global temperatures of 3℃.
If, because of an increase in forest
fires or volcanic activity, the CO2,
content of the atmosphere increased,
(50) a warmer climate would be produced.
Plant growth, which relies on both the
warmth and the availability of CO2,
would probably increase. As a
consequence, plants would use more
(55) and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels
would diminish and the climate, in turn,
would diminish and the climate, in
turn, would become cooler. With
reduced temperatures many plants would
(60) die; CO2 would thereby be returned
to the atmosphere and gradually the
temperature would rise again. Thus, if
this process occurred, there might be
a long-term oscillation in the amount
(65) of CO2, present in the atmosphere,
with regular temperature increases
and decreases of a set magnitude.
Some climatologists argue that the
burning of fossil fuels has raised the
(70) level of CO2, in the atmosphere and
has caused a global temperature
increase of at least 1℃. But a
supposed global temperature rise
of 1℃ may in reality be only several
(75) regional temperature increases,
restricted to areas where there are
many meteorological stations and
caused simply by shifts in the pattern
of atmospheric circulation. Other
(80) areas, for example the Southern
Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be
experiencing an equivalent temperature
decrease that is unrecognized because
of the shortage of meteorological
(85) recording stations.
The passage supplies information
for answering which of the following
questions?
Why are projections of the effects
of changes in water vapor levels on
the climate so inaccurate?
What are the steps in the process
that takes place as CO2 absorbs long-
wavelength radiation?
How might out understanding of the
green-house effect be improved if the
burning of fossil fuels were decreased?
What might cause a series of regular
increases and decreases in the amount
of CO2 in the atmosphere?
Why are there fewer meteorological
recording stations in the Southern
Hemisphere oceanic zone than
elsewhere?
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
气候条件微妙地与地球大气的构成相适应。倘若大气中发生某种变化——譬如
,
大气气体相对比例的改变——则气候可能也会发生变化。例如,水蒸气的微弱变化即可
提高大气的保温能力(heat-retaining capacity)。相反,水蒸气的大幅度增加将提高
云层的厚度和广度(extent),减少所能到达地球的太阳能数量。
大气中二氧化碳CO2的含量对气候变化具有重要影响。地球大部分入射能量(incom
ing
energy)均是短波长辐射(short-wavelength radiation),这种辐射倾向于轻易地穿
透
大气CO2。但是,地球会把所接收到的相当一部分能量作为长波长辐射再度辐射,而CO
2则
将这部分长波长辐射予以吸收并随后再度输送至地球。这种被称为“温室效应”
(Greenhouse Effect)的现象可导致行星表面气温的提高。这种效应的一个极端例子
可由金星(Venus)得到例示。该行星覆盖着厚厚的、绝大部分由CO2构成的云层,其表
面温度测定为430℃。如果大气层CO2含量减少,则温度降低。按照某个值得尊敬的理
论,假若大气层CO2含量减半,地球将会全部被冰层所覆盖。但是,另一个同样值得尊
敬的理论陈述道,CO2含量减半,仅仅只会导致全球温度下降3℃。
如果由于森林火灾或火山活动的上升,大气层CO2含量增加的话,一种更为温暖
的气候便会产生。有赖于温暖和CO2获取的植物生长可能会得到提高。其结果是,植物
将会消耗越来越多的CO2。最终,CO2含量将会减少,反过来,气候则会变冷。随着气温
的下降,许多植物将会死亡,CO2会因此而重返大气层,温度将逐渐再度上升。因此,
假若这一过程得以发生,大气中所存在的CO2将会出现某种长期的上下波动,气温亦将
会以固定的强度(set magnitude)有规则地增减。
某些气候学家指出,化石燃料的燃烧已提高了大气层中CO2的含量,并导致全球
温度至少上升了1℃。但某种被假设的1℃的全球温度上升实际上可能仅仅只是几个区
域性气温的上升,局限于许多气象监察站的地区,并只是由于大气循环模式的变动所致
。
其它地区,例如南半球海洋区域,可能正同时经历着某种同等程度的气温下降,只是由
于缺少气象记录监察站而未及识别而已。
The author is primarily concerned with
explaining the effects that the burning
of fossil fuels might have on climate.
illustrating the effects of CO2 on
atmospheric radiation
discussing effects that changes in the
CO2 level in the atmosphere might have
on climate
challenging hypotheses about the effects
of water vapor and CO2 on climate
refuting hypotheses by climatologists
about the causes of global temperature
fluctuations
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
气候条件微妙地与地球大气的构成相适应。倘若大气中发生某种变化——譬如
,
大气气体相对比例的改变——则气候可能也会发生变化。例如,水蒸气的微弱变化即可
提高大气的保温能力(heat-retaining capacity)。相反,水蒸气的大幅度增加将提高
云层的厚度和广度(extent),减少所能到达地球的太阳能数量。
大气中二氧化碳CO2的含量对气候变化具有重要影响。地球大部分入射能量(incom
ing
energy)均是短波长辐射(short-wavelength radiation),这种辐射倾向于轻易地穿
透
大气CO2。但是,地球会把所接收到的相当一部分能量作为长波长辐射再度辐射,而CO
2则
将这部分长波长辐射予以吸收并随后再度输送至地球。这种被称为“温室效应”
(Greenhouse Effect)的现象可导致行星表面气温的提高。这种效应的一个极端例子
可由金星(Venus)得到例示。该行星覆盖着厚厚的、绝大部分由CO2构成的云层,其表
面温度测定为430℃。如果大气层CO2含量减少,则温度降低。按照某个值得尊敬的理
论,假若大气层CO2含量减半,地球将会全部被冰层所覆盖。但是,另一个同样值得尊
敬的理论陈述道,CO2含量减半,仅仅只会导致全球温度下降3℃。
如果由于森林火灾或火山活动的上升,大气层CO2含量增加的话,一种更为温暖
的气候便会产生。有赖于温暖和CO2获取的植物生长可能会得到提高。其结果是,植物
将会消耗越来越多的CO2。最终,CO2含量将会减少,反过来,气候则会变冷。随着气温
的下降,许多植物将会死亡,CO2会因此而重返大气层,温度将逐渐再度上升。因此,
假若这一过程得以发生,大气中所存在的CO2将会出现某种长期的上下波动,气温亦将
会以固定的强度(set magnitude)有规则地增减。
某些气候学家指出,化石燃料的燃烧已提高了大气层中CO2的含量,并导致全球
温度至少上升了1℃。但某种被假设的1℃的全球温度上升实际上可能仅仅只是几个区
域性气温的上升,局限于许多气象监察站的地区,并只是由于大气循环模式的变动所致
。
其它地区,例如南半球海洋区域,可能正同时经历着某种同等程度的气温下降,只是由
于缺少气象记录监察站而未及识别而已。
The passage suggests that a large
decrease in the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere would result in
at least a slight decrease in global
temperatures
at the most a slight increase in short-
wavelength radiation reaching the Earth
a slight long-term increase in global
temperatures
a large long-term increase in the amount
of volcanic activity
a slight short-term increase in atmospheric
water vapor content
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
气候条件微妙地与地球大气的构成相适应。倘若大气中发生某种变化——譬如
,
大气气体相对比例的改变——则气候可能也会发生变化。例如,水蒸气的微弱变化即可
提高大气的保温能力(heat-retaining capacity)。相反,水蒸气的大幅度增加将提高
云层的厚度和广度(extent),减少所能到达地球的太阳能数量。
大气中二氧化碳CO2的含量对气候变化具有重要影响。地球大部分入射能量(incom
ing
energy)均是短波长辐射(short-wavelength radiation),这种辐射倾向于轻易地穿
透
大气CO2。但是,地球会把所接收到的相当一部分能量作为长波长辐射再度辐射,而CO
2则
将这部分长波长辐射予以吸收并随后再度输送至地球。这种被称为“温室效应”
(Greenhouse Effect)的现象可导致行星表面气温的提高。这种效应的一个极端例子
可由金星(Venus)得到例示。该行星覆盖着厚厚的、绝大部分由CO2构成的云层,其表
面温度测定为430℃。如果大气层CO2含量减少,则温度降低。按照某个值得尊敬的理
论,假若大气层CO2含量减半,地球将会全部被冰层所覆盖。但是,另一个同样值得尊
敬的理论陈述道,CO2含量减半,仅仅只会导致全球温度下降3℃。
如果由于森林火灾或火山活动的上升,大气层CO2含量增加的话,一种更为温暖
的气候便会产生。有赖于温暖和CO2获取的植物生长可能会得到提高。其结果是,植物
将会消耗越来越多的CO2。最终,CO2含量将会减少,反过来,气候则会变冷。随着气温
的下降,许多植物将会死亡,CO2会因此而重返大气层,温度将逐渐再度上升。因此,
假若这一过程得以发生,大气中所存在的CO2将会出现某种长期的上下波动,气温亦将
会以固定的强度(set magnitude)有规则地增减。
某些气候学家指出,化石燃料的燃烧已提高了大气层中CO2的含量,并导致全球
温度至少上升了1℃。但某种被假设的1℃的全球温度上升实际上可能仅仅只是几个区
域性气温的上升,局限于许多气象监察站的地区,并只是由于大气循环模式的变动所致
。
其它地区,例如南半球海洋区域,可能正同时经历着某种同等程度的气温下降,只是由
于缺少气象记录监察站而未及识别而已。
The author refers to Venus primarily
in order to
show the inherent weakness of the green-
house effect theory
show that the greenhouse effect works
on other planets but not on Earth
show the extent to which Earth's
atmosphere differs from that of Venus
support the contention that as water
vapor increases, the amount of CO2
increases
support the argument that the CO2 level
in the atmosphere has a significant effect
on climate
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
气候条件微妙地与地球大气的构成相适应。倘若大气中发生某种变化——譬如
,
大气气体相对比例的改变——则气候可能也会发生变化。例如,水蒸气的微弱变化即可
提高大气的保温能力(heat-retaining capacity)。相反,水蒸气的大幅度增加将提高
云层的厚度和广度(extent),减少所能到达地球的太阳能数量。
大气中二氧化碳CO2的含量对气候变化具有重要影响。地球大部分入射能量(incom
ing
energy)均是短波长辐射(short-wavelength radiation),这种辐射倾向于轻易地穿
透
大气CO2。但是,地球会把所接收到的相当一部分能量作为长波长辐射再度辐射,而CO
2则
将这部分长波长辐射予以吸收并随后再度输送至地球。这种被称为“温室效应”
(Greenhouse Effect)的现象可导致行星表面气温的提高。这种效应的一个极端例子
可由金星(Venus)得到例示。该行星覆盖着厚厚的、绝大部分由CO2构成的云层,其表
面温度测定为430℃。如果大气层CO2含量减少,则温度降低。按照某个值得尊敬的理
论,假若大气层CO2含量减半,地球将会全部被冰层所覆盖。但是,另一个同样值得尊
敬的理论陈述道,CO2含量减半,仅仅只会导致全球温度下降3℃。
如果由于森林火灾或火山活动的上升,大气层CO2含量增加的话,一种更为温暖
的气候便会产生。有赖于温暖和CO2获取的植物生长可能会得到提高。其结果是,植物
将会消耗越来越多的CO2。最终,CO2含量将会减少,反过来,气候则会变冷。随着气温
的下降,许多植物将会死亡,CO2会因此而重返大气层,温度将逐渐再度上升。因此,
假若这一过程得以发生,大气中所存在的CO2将会出现某种长期的上下波动,气温亦将
会以固定的强度(set magnitude)有规则地增减。
某些气候学家指出,化石燃料的燃烧已提高了大气层中CO2的含量,并导致全球
温度至少上升了1℃。但某种被假设的1℃的全球温度上升实际上可能仅仅只是几个区
域性气温的上升,局限于许多气象监察站的地区,并只是由于大气循环模式的变动所致
。
其它地区,例如南半球海洋区域,可能正同时经历着某种同等程度的气温下降,只是由
于缺少气象记录监察站而未及识别而已。
The passage suggests that if there
were a slight global warming at the
present time, it would be
easy to measure the exact increase in
temperature because of the abundance of
temperature recording stations
throughout the world
difficult to measure the increase of
CO2 in the atmosphere because of local
variations in amounts
easy to demonstrate the effects of the
warming on the water vapor
--
过去太遥远,未来太迷茫。
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