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Stress is experienced when an individual feels
that the ---- of the environment ---- that
individual's resources for handling them.
circumstances.. intensify
details.. exclude
demands.. exceed
facets.. imply
benefits.. reveal
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To compensate for the substantial decline in
the availability of fossil fuels in future years,
we will have to provide at least ---- alternative
energy source.
an anticipated
an official
an equivalent
a derivative
a redundant
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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Students of the Great Crash of 1929 have never
understood why even the most informed
observers did not recognize and heed the ----
economic danger signals that in ---- seem so
apparent.
obvious.. combination
early.. conclusion
direct.. application
future.. potential
prior.. retrospect
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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While admitting that the risks incurred by use
of the insecticide were not ----, the
manufacturer's spokesperson argued that
effective ---- were simply not available.
inconsequential.. substitutes
unusual.. alternatives
increasing.. procedures
indeterminable.. safeguards
proven.. antidotes
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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Because time in India is conceived statically
rather than dynamically, Indian languages
emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns
express the more ---- aspects of a thing.
paradoxical
prevalent
temporal
successive
stable.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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The essence of belief is the establishment of ----;
different beliefs are distinguishable by the
different modes of action to which they give
rise.
love
practice
trust
commitments
allegiances
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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The simplicity of the theory¡ªits main attraction
is also its ------ , for only by ------ the assumptions
of the theory is it possible to explain the most
recent observations made by researchers.
liability.. accepting
virtue.. qualifying
downfall.. considering
glory.. rejecting
undoing.. supplementing
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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CATCH: FISH::
vineyard: wine
drove: sheep
herd: elk
harvest: grain
gaggle: geese
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
CURATORS: PAINTINGS::
writers: plays
teachers: schools
clergy: churches
librarians: books
police: neighborhoods
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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METEOROLOGY: WEATHER::
astronomy: physics
gerontology: heredity
pedagogy: textbooks
pathology: disease
anthropology: fossils
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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PUN: JOKE::
owner: pet
termite: insect
child: adult
pint: quart
sand: beach
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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PLAIN: AUSTERE::
neutral: indifferent
clean: sterile
alone: gloomy
arid: barren
fluent: talkative
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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PROTOCOL: BLUNDER::
diagnosis: prevention
etiquette: behavior
bumper: damage
bandage: accident
audit: verification
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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ASTROLABE: NAUTICAL::
colander: culinary
compass: mechanical
formula: chemical
timbre: musical
strategy: military
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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ALACRITY: APATHETIC::
temerity: timid
tenacity: eager
candor: bungling
compliance: deft
despotism: arrogant
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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FLOUT: DISREGARD::
taunt: challenge
protest: overrule
revolt: secede
clamor: argue
harass: badger
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
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¡¡¡¡¡¡Although pathogenic organisms
¡¡¡¡constantly alight on the skin, they
¡¡¡¡find it a very unfavorable environment
¡¡¡¡and, in the absence of injury, have
(5) great difficulty colonizing it. This
¡¡¡¡"self-sterilizing" capacity of the
¡¡¡¡skin results from the tendency of
¡¡¡¡all well-developed ecosystems toward
¡¡¡¡homeostasis, or the maintenance of the
(10) status quo.
¡¡¡¡¡¡Species that typically live in soil
¡¡¡¡water, and elsewhere rarely multiply
¡¡¡¡on the skin. Undamaged skin is also
¡¡¡¡unfavorable to most human pathogens.
(15) The skin is too acid and too arid for
¡¡¡¡some species. The constant shedding
¡¡¡¡of the surface skin layers further
¡¡¡¡hinders the establishment of invaders.
¡¡¡¡The most interesting defense
(20) mechanism, however, results from the
¡¡¡¡metabolic activities of the resident
¡¡¡¡flora .Unsaturated fatty acids, an
¡¡¡¡important component of the lipids
¡¡¡¡in sebum collected from the skin
(25) surface inhibit the growth of several
¡¡¡¡bacterial and fungal cutaneous
¡¡¡¡pathogens. These acids are a metabolic
¡¡¡¡product of certain gram-positive
¡¡¡¡members of the cutaneous community,
(30) which break down the more complex
¡¡¡¡lipids in freshly secreted sebum.
The primary purpose of the passage
is to
offer an analysis of metabolic processes
detail the ways in which bacteria and
fungi can be inhibited
describe mechanisms by which the skin
protects itself against pathogens
analyze the methods whereby biological
systems maintain the status quo
provide a specific example of the skin's
basic defense against pathogens
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
The "resident flora" mentioned in
lines 21-22 refer to
"Unsaturated fatty acids" (line 22)
"sebum collected from the skin surface"
(lines 24-25)
"bacterial and fungal cutaneous pathogens"
(lines 26-27)
"certain gram-positive members of the
cutaneous community" (lines 28-29)
"more complex lipids" (lines 30-31)
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
Among the natural defense of the
skin against pathogenic organisms
are all of the following EXCEPT the
dryness of the skin
acidity of the skin
tendency of the pathogens toward
homeostasis
shedding of surface layers of the
skin
metabolic breakdown of lipids
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
The author presents her material in
which of the following ways?
Stating a problem and then supplying
a solution
Presenting a phenomenon and then
analyzing reasons for it
Providing information and then drawing
a conclusion from it
Making a general statement and then
arguing by analogy
Making an inference and then developing
it by illustration
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
¡¡¡¡¡¡"Masterpieces are dumb." wrote
¡¡¡¡Flaubert. They have a tranquil aspect
¡¡¡¡like the very products of nature, like
¡¡¡¡large animals and mountains. He might
(5) have been thinking of War and Peace,
¡¡¡¡that vast, silent work, unfathomable
¡¡¡¡and simple, provoking endless
¡¡¡¡questions through the majesty of its
¡¡¡¡being. Tolstoi's simplicity is
(10) "overpowering, says the critic
¡¡¡¡Bayley. "disconcerting" because it
¡¡¡¡comes from "his casual assumption that
¡¡¡¡the world is as he sees it" Like other
¡¡¡¡nineteenth-century Russian writers he
(15) is "impressive" because the "means
¡¡¡¡what he says." but he stands apart
¡¡¡¡from all others and from most Western
¡¡¡¡writers in his identity with life,
¡¡¡¡which is so complete as to make us
(20) forget he is an artist. He is the
¡¡¡¡center of his work, but his
¡¡¡¡egocentricity is of a special kind,
¡¡¡¡Goethe, for example, says Bayley,
¡¡¡¡"cared for nothing but himself.
(25) Tolstoi was nothing but himself."
¡¡¡¡¡¡For all his varied modes of writing
¡¡¡¡and the multiplicity of characters in
¡¡¡¡his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are
¡¡¡¡of a piece. The famous "conversion"
(30) of his middle years, movingly
¡¡¡¡recounted in his Confession, was a
¡¡¡¡culmination of his early spiritual
¡¡¡¡life, not a departure from it. The
¡¡¡¡apparently fundamental changes that
(35) led from epic narrative to dogmatic
¡¡¡¡parable, from a joyous, buoyant
¡¡¡¡attitude toward life to pessimism and
¡¡¡¡cynicism, from War and Peace to The
¡¡¡¡Kreuler Sonata, came from the same
(40) restless, impressionable depths of an
¡¡¡¡independent spirit yearning to get at
¡¡¡¡the truth of its experience. "Truth
¡¡¡¡is my hero," wrote Tolstoi in his
¡¡¡¡youth, reporting the fighting in
(45) Sebastopol. Truth remained his
¡¡¡¡hero¡ªhis own, not others' truth.
¡¡¡¡Others were awed by Napoleon,
¡¡¡¡believed that a single man could
¡¡¡¡change the destinies of nations,
(50) adhered to meaningless rituals,
¡¡¡¡formed their tastes on established
¡¡¡¡cannons of art. Tolstoi reversed
¡¡¡¡all preconceptions; and in every
¡¡¡¡reversal he overthrew the "system,"
(55) the "machine," the externally
¡¡¡¡ordained belief, the conventional
¡¡¡¡behavior in favor of unsystematic,
¡¡¡¡impulsive life, of inward motivation
¡¡¡¡and the solutions of independent
(60) thought.
¡¡¡¡¡¡In his work the artificial and the
¡¡¡¡genuine are always exhibited in
¡¡¡¡dramatic opposition the supposedly
¡¡¡¡great Napoleon and the truly great,
(65) unregarded little Captain Tushin, or
¡¡¡¡Nicholas Rostov's actual experience
¡¡¡¡in battle and his later account of it.
¡¡¡¡The simple is always pitted against
¡¡¡¡the elaborate, knowledge gained from
(70) observation against assertions of
¡¡¡¡borrowed faiths. Tolstoi's magical
¡¡¡¡simplicity is a product of these
¡¡¡¡tensions' his work is a record of the
¡¡¡¡questions he put to himself and of
(75) the answers he found in his search.
¡¡¡¡The greatest characters of his fiction
¡¡¡¡exemplify this search, and their
¡¡¡¡happiness depends on the measure
¡¡¡¡of their answers. Tolstoi wanted
(80) happiness, but only hard-won
¡¡¡¡happiness, that emotional fulfillment
¡¡¡¡and intellectual clarity which could
¡¡¡¡come only as the prize of all-
¡¡¡¡consuming effort. He scorned
(85) lesser satisfactions.
Which of the following best
characterizes the author's attitude
toward Tolstoi?
She deprecates the cynicism of
his later works.
She finds his theatricality artificial.
She admires his wholehearted sincerity.
She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.
She respects his devotion to orthodoxy.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
Which of the following best paraphrases
Flaubert's statement quoted in lines 1-4?
Masterpieces seem ordinary and
unremarkable from the perspective
of a later age.
Great works of art do not explain
themselves to us any more than
natural objects do.
Important works of art take their
place in the pageant of history
because of their uniqueness
The most important aspects of good
art are the orderliness and tranquility
it reflects.
Masterpieces which are of enduring
value represent the forces of nature.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
The author quotes from Bayley (lines 9-25)
to show that
although Tolstoi observes and interprets
life, he maintains no self-conscious
distance from his experience
the realism of Tolstoi's work gives the
illusion that his novels are reports of
actual events
unfortunately, Tolstoi is unaware of
his own limitations, though he is
sincere in his attempt to describe
experience
although Tolstoi works casually and
makes unwarranted assumptions, his work
has an inexplicable appearance of truth
Folstoi's personal perspective makes his
work almost unintelligible to the majority
of his readers
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
The author states that Tolstoi's conversion
represented
a radical renunciation of the world
the rejection of avant-garde ideas
the natural outcome of his earlier beliefs
the acceptance of a religion he had earlier
rejected
a fundamental change in his writing style
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
According to the passage, Tolsto's
response to the accepted intellectual
and artistic values of his time was to
select the most valid from among them
combine opposing viewpoints into a new
doctrine
reject the claims of religion in order
to serve his art
subvert them in order to defend a new
political viewpoint
upset them in order to be faithful to
his experience
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
It can be inferred from the passage
that which of the following is true of
War and Peace?
It belongs to an early period of
Tolstoi's work.
It incorporates a polemin against
the disorderliness of Russian life.
It has a simple structural outline.
It is a work that reflects on ironic
view of life.
It conforms to the standard of aesthetic
refinement favored by Tolstoi's
contemporaries.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
According to the passage, the explanation
of Tolstoi's "magical simplicity" (lines 71-72)
lies partially in his
remarkable power of observation and his
facility in exact description
persistent disregard for conventional
restraints together with his great
energy
unusual ability to reduce the description
of complex situations to a few words
abiding hatred of religious doctrine and
preference for the new scientism
continuing attempt to represent the natural
in opposition to the pretentious
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
DETERIORATION:
imitation
impression
improvement
impropriety
imbalance
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
RETARD:
redirect
release
smooth over
speed up
speak for
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
PRISTINE:
corrupted by civilization
acquired by stealth
destroyed by adversity
established by tradition
proved by experimentation
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
ENIGMATIC:
stirred by emotion
free of ambiguity
fraught with danger
held in esteem
laden with guilt
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
FERVID:
restrained
unexpected
discouraged
undistinguished
stubborn
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
ASCETICISM:
condemnation
craving
indulgence
assessment
sympathy
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
MELLIFLUOUS:
diaphanous
munificent
cacophonous
stentorian
impervious
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
CALUMNIATE:
follow
familiarize
rejuvenate
vindicate
supplant
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
CONFORM:
challenge
ignore
be strong
not hew to
not vie with
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
SLOTH:
intelligence
secrecy
neatness
elegance
industry
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
OSSIFY:
create consensus
placate critics
reassemble fragments
transcend conventions
overlook problems
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
¡¡Six historians¡ªK, L, M, N, O, and P¡ªare each to present a paper at a one
-
day conference. Three papers will be presented in the morning session before
the
lunch break; the other three will be presented in the afternoon session, whi
ch
follows the lunch break. The scheduling of presentations is subject to the
following conditions:
¡¡L's presentation must immediately precede M's presentation; their presenta
tions
¡¡¡¡cannot be separated by the lunch break.
¡¡N must be either the first or the last in the order of presenters.
If M is to be fifth in the order of presenters, then L. must be
first
second
third
fourth
sixth
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
L could be scheduled for any of the following places in the order of presen
ters
EXCEPT
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
If P's presentation must immediately follow N's presentation, M could be
scheduled for which of the following places in the order of presenters?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
If P and O are fifth and sixth, respectively, in the order of presenters,
which of the following must be true?
K is first in the order of presenters.
K is third in the order of presenters.
K is fourth in the order of presenters.
L is first in the order of presenters.
M is fourth in the order of presenters.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
Since the recent takeover of publishing concerns by communications-entertain
ment
firms, management's new methods have increased the financial profits of comm
ercial
publishing, at the price of narrowing the range of books made available to t
he
public and by catering to the vulgar tastes of the new buyers of books. Busi
ness
has boomed, but the losers are the majority of authors or aspiring writers,
and
all discriminating readers.
¡¡
If the statement above is true, which of the following can also be inferred
to
be true?
Profitable business practices are relatively new in the publishing industry
.
Commercial publishing is now catering to a different community of book
¡¡readers than the book business has served in the past.
The new profits from methods introduced by communications-entertainment
¡¡management will encourage writers of literary talent to persevere against
¡¡the odds.
The narrowed range of books coming to the public is directed toward a more
¡¡discriminating audience.
The public is unaware of the trend in the publishing industry to specialize
¡¡in books that produce blockbuster sales.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
It often happens that some crisis or opportunity induces people to find a
practical use for things that originally had no serious purpose. As an examp
le
of this principle, consider the dolls and mannequins, programmed to move and
built for the delight of the wealthy in the eighteenth century, which were
forerunners of the modern computer. Likewise, it is almost certain that the
first domesticated animals were pets. Domestication of animals seems to have
arisen as an amusement long before it had practical application.
¡¡
Which of the following, if true, provides another example in support of the
principle mentioned above?
The discovery of America was a by-product of the search for ginger, cloves,
¡¡pepper, and cinnamon.
Children's games often imitate adult work
The spyglass was simply a source of diversion until its commercial and
¡¡scientific potential was recognized, and its power of magnification suitab
ly
¡¡improved.
In certain cultures horses are used exclusively for pleasure, and never
¡¡for work, even though in those cultures people are forced to work arduousl
y
¡¡in the absence of laboring animals.
The persons who constructed moving dolls and mannequins in the eighteenth
¡¡century were also clockmakers.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
Pharmaceutical firms are now producing analogues (that is, chemical
variants) of endorphins, peptides thought to carry messages that, when
transmitted among brain cells, result in pain relief. The firms claim that
the analogues, when injected into the bloodstream, will provide effective
and long-lasting pain relief by augmenting the action of peptides already
found in the brain.
¡¡
The claim of the pharmaceutical firms would be weakened if it were true that
endorphins remain active in the brain for longer periods of time than do
¡¡the brain's other types of neurotransmitters
some peptides have been found in parts of the body other than the brain,
¡¡such as the alimentary canal and the skin
analogues of peptides are easier and less expensive to produce in the
¡¡laboratory than the peptides themselves
analogues of the peptides that are found naturally in the body are often
¡¡filtered from the blood before the blood circulates in the brain
endorphins interact chemically both with other naturally occurring peptides
¡¡and with the brain's other neurotransmitters
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
¡¡In a biologist's laboratory, there are seven unlabeled jars. The biologist
knows that
each of the jars contains dormant bacteria of one of the following types: T,
U,
V, W, X, Y, Z. She also knows that no two of the jars contain the same type
of
bacteria. She wishes to identify accurately the type of bacteria in each jar
by
placing samples of the bacteria into various growth mediums and observing th
eir
growth She has only the following information to use in interpreting the res
ults:
¡¡When placed in a suitable medium, dormant bacteria will grow.
¡¡Types U and V each grow only in medium 1.
¡¡Type Y grows only in medium 2.
¡¡Type X grows only in medium 3.
¡¡Type W grows both in medium 1 and in medium 3 but in no other medium.
¡¡Type T and Z each grow both in medium 2 and in medium 3 but in no other me
dium.
If the biologist places samples of bacteria from one of the jars into
mediums 1,2, and 3 and finds that the bacteria grow only in medium 3,
she can properly conclude which of the following?
The bacteria are of type X.
The bacteria are of type W.
The bacteria are of either type W or type X, but which of the two they are
cannot be determined without additional information.
The bacteria are of type T, or type X, or type Y, but which of the three
they are cannot be determined without additional information.
The bacteria are of type W, or type X, or type Z, but which of the three
they are cannot be determined without additional information.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
The biologist CANNOT accurately differentiate which of the following pairs
of
bacteria types without obtaining information in additional to that given
in the initial conditions?
T and Z
V and W
W and Y
W and X
X and Y
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
Which of the following is a complete and accurate list of the types of
bacteria that the biologist could identify by placing samples of the bacteri
a
into the mediums and observing their growth?
T, U, W
T, W, Z
W, X, Y
W, Y, Z
X, Y, Z
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
All seven types of bacteria could be accurately identified if the biologist
obtained additional information that allowed her to identify
U and W
U and Z
X and T
X and W
Y and Z
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
¡¡Five competiors¡ªJ. K. L. M and N¡ªhave completed the first event of a
three-event competition, with K taking first place, L second place, M third
place, J fourth place, and N last place.
¡¡The scoring for the three-event competitions is as follows:
¡¡The winner of the first event receives 5 points; the second-place
¡¡¡¡finisher, 4 points; the third-place finisher, 3 points; the fourth-
¡¡¡¡place finisher, 2 points; and the last- place finisher, 1 point.
¡¡The point values for the second and third event are calculated in the
¡¡¡¡same manner, but the score for the second event is counted twice in the
¡¡¡¡total point standings for the entire competition.
¡¡No ties are possible in the individual events. although there can be
¡¡¡¡ties in the total point standing.
¡¡The competitor with the most points after the completion of all three
¡¡¡¡events wins the completion
If K finishes third in the second event, the highest possible winning score
for the entire competition is
20
19
18
17
16
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
If M and N have the same number of points after the completion of the secon
d
event, which of the following CANNOT be true of the outcome of the second ev
ent?
J finished higher than M.
K finished higher than M.
M finished second and N finished first.
M finished third and N finished second.
M finished fourth and N finished second.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
If K and M are in a two-way tie for first in total point standings followin
g
the completion of the second event, they must each have how many points?
11
12
13
14
15
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
If, in the second event, the competitors finish in the same order that they
did in the first event, which of the following could be a possible outcome o
f
the entire competition?
J finishes second in total point standings.
K finishes third in total point standings.
L finishes third in total point standings.
M finishes first in total point standings.
N finishes third in total point standings.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(C)
If L finishes higher than third in the second event, L's position in the
total point standings for the entire competition will be
alone in first place
in a tie for first place
in a tie for second place
no higher than second place
no lower than third place
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
If L finishes first in the second event, the highest that N can finish in
the total point standings for the entire competition is
first
second
third
fourth
last
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
¡¡In a parking lot there are six parking spaces in a row, numbered 1 through
6
consecutively, Exactly five cars of five different colors¡ªblue, green, red,
silver, and tan¡ªare to be parked in the spaces, one car to a space, accordi
ng
to the following conditions:
¡¡The red car must be parked in 3.
¡¡The blue car must be parked in a space next to the space in which the tan
car
¡¡¡¡is parked.
¡¡The green car cannot be parked in a space next to the space in which the s
ilver
¡¡¡¡car is parked.
If the tan car is parked in 2, which of the following must be true?
The blue car is parked in a space next to the space in which the silver
car is parked.
The silver car is parked in a space next to the space in which the red
car is parked.
The green car is parked in a space next to the space in which the blue
car is parked.
The green car is parked in 6.
None of the cars is parked in 5.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
The silver car could be parked in any of the following spaces EXCEPT
1
2
4
5
6
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(D)
If the green car is parked in 2, none of the cars can be parked in
1
3
4
5
6
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
Which of the following must be true of any acceptable parking arrangement?
There is an empty space next to the space in which the green car is parked.
There is an empty space next to the space in which the tan car is parked.
Either the blue car or the tan car is parked in a space next to 3.
One of the cars is parked in 2.
One of the cars is parked in 6.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
If the tan car is parked in 1, how many acceptable parking arrangements are
there for the five cars?
1
2
3
4
5
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
Biochemists select for experimental study those types of organisms that are
most suitable for solving the scientific problems that are of current intere
st
to them. For this reason, it was not until recently that biochemists began t
o
give considerable, attention to the biochemistry of insects.
¡¡
In the passage above, the author implies that
there was a recent shift in the scientific problems of interest to
¡¡biochemists
scientists have recently made new contributions to knowledge by studying
¡¡the biochemistry of insects
biochemists recently changed their primary criterion for selecting the
¡¡type of organism to be studied
there was a recent increase in the number of individual organisms that
¡¡biochemists use in their experiments
biochemists would today have less interest in studying insects if they
¡¡had given more attention in the past to the biochemistry of insects
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(A)
If Wanda visits Albuquerque on a trip, she will also visit Santa Fe, Phoenix
,
and Tucson on that trip.
¡¡
If the statement above is true, which of the following statements must also
be true?
If Wanda visits Santa Fe, Phoenix, and Tucson on a trip, she will also
¡¡visit Albuquerque on that trip.
If Wanda visits Phoenix and Tucson on a trip, she will also visit Santa
¡¡Fe on that trip.
If Wanda visits Tucson on a trip, she will also visit Phoenix on that
¡¡trip.
If Wanda does not visit Tucson on a trip, she will not visit Santa Fe
¡¡on that trip.
If Wanda does not visit Phoenix on a trip she will not visit Albuquerque
¡¡on that trip.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(E)
In a certain code, the digits from 0 to 9 inclusive are each represented
by a different letter of the alphabet and each letter always represents the
same digit, if the sum
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALMA
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡+¡¡TIA
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡JUAN
holds when expressed in digits, all of the following can properly by
inferred EXCEPT.
A cannot be 0.
A must be less than 5.
N must be even.
L+T must be greater than 8.
J must be greater than A by 1.
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ª
´ð°¸£º(B)
Our young people, whose ---- sensitivities have
not yet become ----, have a purer and more
imm
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