Flyingoverseas 版 (精华区)
发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: GRE笔试真题No.9-2
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年08月26日18:26:40 星期天), 站内信件
Samples of a yellow feed grain must be tested for contamination by one or mo
re
of the toxins R, S, and T. A sample retains the color it acquires from a t
est
unless another test changes the color of the sample.
Test X turns a sample green if the sample contains R or S, or both, and oran
ge
if it contains neither R nor S.
Test Z turns a sample purple if the sample contains T; if not, the sample re
tains
the color it had prior to test Z.
A sample that contains R and S but not T will yield which of the following
sequences of colors, the first after test X is used and the second after tes
t
Z is used?
Green, green
Green, purple
Orange, yellow
Orange, orange
Orange, purple
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
A sample that remains yellow when subjected to test Z and turns green when
subjected to test X could be a sample containing
R, S, and T
S and T, but not containing R
T, but containing neither R nor S
S, but containing neither R nor T
neither R nor S nor T
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
The two tests will NOT distinguish between two samples containing which of t
he
following?
Sample 1 Sample 2
R, S, and T R and S, but not T
R and S, but not T S and T, but not R
R and T, but not S S and T, but not R
R, but neither S nor T Neither R nor S nor T
S, but neither R nor T Neither R nor S nor T
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
The burden of taxation on the back of a people is not unlike the burden of
a weight on the back of a horse. Just as a small burden badly placed may
distress a horse that could carry with ease a much larger burden properly
adjusted, so a people may be impoverished and their power of producing wealt
h
destroyed by taxation that, if levied another way, could be borne with ease.
The author's point is made by
pointing out an ambiguity
using an analogy
refuting a supposed counterexample
appealing to an authority
generalizing from a particular case
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
Artificial seaweed made of plastic has been placed on a section of coast in
order to reverse beach erosion. The inventor of the seaweed has concluded th
at
the recent buildup of sand on that section of coast proves that the artifici
al
seaweed reverses beach erosion.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the inventor's
conclusion?
The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast was less than
had been predicted on the basis of the results obtained in controlled experi
ments.
Because artificial seaweed would be buried eventually by additional sand
deposits on the coast, more artificial seaweed would need to be put in place
every four years.
Artificial seaweed of another material which had been previously developed
by the inventor failed to add sand to coastline in past trials.
The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast is the same as
the amount of recent sand buildup on otherwise very similar sections of coas
t
without artificial seaweed.
The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast, although
considerable, is not yet enough to replace the amount lost during storms on
that section of coast in the last twenty years.
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
Metropolis' regulation limiting to four days the period during which milk ca
n
be sold to consumers after pasteurization is unreasonable. Under optimal con
ditions,
pasteurized milk kept at 40 degrees Fahrenheit remains unspoiled for at leas
t 14
days. If Metropolis' current limitation were changed to eight days, milk pri
ces
would drop, but product quality would be unaffected.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion
drawn
above?
Most consumers keep milk no more than three days after purchase.
A recent survey showed that 20 percent of Metropolis consumers favored
extending the current limitation on the sale of milk to 8 day.
Metropolis' grocery-store owners would prefer small, frequent deliveries of
milk to larger, infrequent deliveries.
Milk kept longer than 14 days after pasteurization generally presents no
medical dangers if consumed.
In Metropolis, conditions for handling and storing milk after pasteurizatio
n
are seldom close to optimum.
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
A commercial grower raises flowers in each of three different growing seas
ons
every year—spring, summer, and fall-winter, with the year beginning in spri
ng.
Exactly seven different kinds of flowers—Q, R, S, T, W, X, and Z—are grown
every
year. Each kind of flower is grown at least once a year. The flowers are gro
wn
according to the following rules:
No more than three different kinds of flowers are grown in any one growing
season.
No kind of flower can be grown for two growing seasons in a row.
Q can be grown neither in the fall-winter season nor in the same growing s
eason
as W or X.
S and T are always grown in the same growing season as each other.
R can be grown in a growing season only if Q was grown in the preceding gr
owing
season.
Which of the following is an acceptable schedule for the three growing seaso
ns?
Spring Summer Fall-Winter
Q S, T, R Q, X, Z
S, X Q, T, Z R, W
W, X Q Z, S, T, R
Q, S, T R, W, X Z
S, T, W Q, Z Q, X, R
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
If Z and R alone are grown in the fall-winter season, which of the following
must be grown in the preceding spring?
Q
R
S
T
W
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
If Z is grown in the spring and W in the summer of one year, which of the
following can also be grown in the summer?
Q
S
T
X
Z
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
If there is exactly one of the kinds of flowers that is grown one year durin
g
both of two growing seasons, that kind could be
Q
R
S
T
W
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
An operating-room schedule is being set up for Monday and Tuesday of a cer
tain
week. On each of the days, either one long and two short operations or else
four
short operations must be scheduled. For each operation, a surgeon—Chakravar
ty.
Silvers, or Tyson—will be scheduled. Patients to be scheduled will be selec
ted
from among patients 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The following conditions
will
be met:
A surgeon cannot be scheduled to perform two consecutive operations on one
day.
If a surgeon is scheduled for a long operation, he or she cannot be schedu
led
for any other operation on the same day.
If a long operation is performed, it must be the first operation scheduled
for
the day it is performed.
The operations for patients 1 and 3 will be long, and the operations for t
he
other patients will be short.
Patient 1 must be operated on by Dr. Tyson, patients 2 and 4 by Dr. Silver
s, and
patients 7 and 8 by Dr. Chakravarly.
Which of the following could be the schedule of patients from the first to t
he
last patient to be operated on during the two days?
Monday Tuesday
9. 8. 7. 6 1. 2. 5
1. 9. 5 7. 6
5. 3. 7 2. 4. 6. 9
3. 2. 8 4. 6. 9. 7
1. 8. 7 3. 6. 4
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
If patient 1 is scheduled for the first operation on Monday, the surgeons'
schedule for the other operations on Monday, in order of time, could be
Chakravarty, Silvers
Chakravarty, Tyson
Silvers, Tyson
Tyson, Chakravarty
Tyson, Silvers
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
If patients 1 and 2 are among those whose operations are scheduled for Monda
y,
which of the following patients is among those whose operations must be sche
duled
for Tuesday or not scheduled at all for the two days?
4
5
6
8
9
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
Six paintings—F, G, H, J, K, and L—are to be sold at a three-day auction
.
The paintings are to be divided into three groups—group 1, group 2, and gro
up 3
—and each group is to be sold on one of the days of the auction. The painti
ngs
to be included in each group are to be selected according to the following
conditions:
Group 2 must contain at least as many paintings as group 1, and group 3 mu
st
contain at least as many paintings as group 2.
H and K, paintings by the same artist, must be in the same group as each o
ther.
F and L, paintings of similar subjects, must be in different groups from e
ach
other.
G and H, estimated to be the two most valuable paintings, must be in diffe
rent
groups from each other.
If J is in group 3, K must also be in group 3 because of a request from th
e
auctioneer for the third day.
If H is in group 1, which of the following must be true?
F is in group 2.
G is in group 2.
J is in group 2.
L is in group 2.
L is in group 3.
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
If J is in group 3, which of the following could be in group 2?
F and G
F and L
G and H
H and K
H and L
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
If G is in group 3, which of the following could be true?
F is the only painting in group 1.
J is the only painting in group 1.
J is in group 3.
H and J are in group 2.
J and L are in group 2.
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
Exactly nine books must be arranged from first (leftmost) to ninth (rightmos
t)
on a shelf.
Of the nine books, four are leather-bound books, three are clothbound books,
and
the remaining two are paperback books.
The four leather-bound books must be next to each other, and the two paperba
ck
books must be next to each other.
The three clothbound books do not have to be placed next to each other.
If the sixth book is a leather-bound book and the eighth book is a clothboun
d
book, which of the following must be a paperback book?
The first
The second
The third
The fourth
The ninth
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
The clothbound books must be next to each other if a paperback book is in wh
ich
of the following positions?
The first
The third
The fifth
The seventh
The ninth
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
If the second book is a clothbound book and the third book is a paperback bo
ok,
which of the following can be a clothbound book?
The fourth
The sixth
The seventh
The eighth
The ninth
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
If no clothbound book is next to another clothbound book, any of the followi
ng
could be paperback books EXCEPT the
second
third
fifth
seventh
eighth
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
If the first and seventh books have the same kind of binding, which of the
following must be a leather-bound book?
The first
The second
The fourth
The sixth
The eighth
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
If a clothbound book is in the fifth position and a leather-bound book is in
the ninth position, which of the following pairs of books must have differen
t
kinds of binding?
The first and the second
The second and the third
The second and the fourth
The third and the fourth
The third and the fifth
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
Company X recently bought Company Y. Since the two companies had previously
been the only companies manufacturing cardboard containers. Company X now ha
s
a monopoly in this particular branch of industry and therefore will probably
raise the price of its cardboard containers.
Which of the following statements, if true, would most seriously weaken the
claim made above?
An increase in the price of cardboard containers would not necessarily
increase the retail price of items packed in these containers.
The cost of lumber is a major determinant of the cost of cardboard containe
rs.
There has been a recent increase in demand for cardboard containers.
Manufacturers of cardboard containers face increasingly stiff competition
from manufacturers of plastic containers.
Before Company X bought Company Y. Company X had consistently set the price
s
of its cardboard containers below the prices set by Company Y.
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) pose known dangers to public health. Only when
the United States government imposes a specific ban on the industrial use of
CFC's will industry scientists make the alternatives to CFC's cost-effective
,
and thus reduce public health hazards.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the assertion made above is
based?
The alternatives to CFC's currently available are not widely used because
they are not familiar to a sufficient number of industry scientists.
The alternatives to CFC's are less hazardous to public health than are CFC'
s.
Private industry has a responsibility to take voluntary measures to safegua
rd
public health and absorb the costs of such measures.
The use of CFS's can result in employee time lost because of illness.
CFC's are currently the most serious public health hazard engendered by
industry in the United States.
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
Lobsters usually develop one smaller, cutter claw and one larger, crusher
claw. To show that exercise determines which claw becomes the crusher,
researchers placed young lobsters in tanks and repeatedly prompted them to g
rab
a probe with one claw—in each case always be same, randomly selected claw.
In
most of the lobsters the grabbing claw became the crusher. But in a second,
similar experiment, when lobsters were prompted to use both claws equally fo
r
grabbing, most matured with who cutter claws, even though each claw was
exercised as much as the grabbing claws had been in the first experiment.
Which of the following is best supported by the information above?
Young lobsters usually exercise one claw more than the other.
Most lobsters raised in captivity will not develop a crusher claw.
Exercise is not a determining factor in the development of crusher claws in
lobsters.
Cutter claws are more effective for grabbing than are crusher claws.
Young lobsters that do not exercise either claw will nevertheless usually
develop one crusher and one cutter claw.
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
Although economists have traditionally
considered the district to be solely an
agricultural one, the----of the inhabitants'
occupations makes such a classification
obsolete.
productivity
diversity
predictability
profitability
stability
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
inhabitant: n.1.居民,住户,常住居民 2.栖居的动物
occupation: n.1.职业,工作,行业 2.占有(期),占用(期),居住(期)
3.日常事务,消遣
classification: n.1.分类,分级 2.分类法(学) 3.类别(系统),级别(系统)
obsolete: a.1.废弃的,淘汰的 2.过时的,老式的
predictability: n.可断定的事物,可肯定的属性,(同类事物的)共同属性
尽管经济学家传统上一直将这个地区视作一个单一的农业区,但是,当地居民所从事的
职
业的多样性却使得这种分类显得陈旧过时。
The author of this book----overlooks or
minimizes some of the problems and
shortcomings in otherwise highly successful
foreign industries in order to ----the points on
which they excel and on which we might try to
emulate them.
accidentally.. exaggerate
purposely.. emphasize
occasionally.. counterbalance
intentionally.. confuse
cleverly.. compound
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
overlook: v.1.忽视(略) 2.宽恕 3.眺望 4.细察
minimize: v.1.使缩减到最低程度 2.把…说成极不重要,作最低估计,极度轻视(贬低
)
otherwise: adv.1.别样,以另外方式 2.除此之外,在其他方面了,不然
excel: v.1.胜过,优于 2.擅长(in, at)
emulate: v.1.努力赶超,与…竞赛(争) 2.仿效,模仿
accidentally: adv.1.意外地,偶然地 2.次要地,附带地,附属地
exaggerate: v.1.夸张(大),对…言过其实 2.使增大,使扩大,使过大
counterbalance: v.1.平(抗、均)衡 2.抵消
intentionally: adv.有意地,故意地
compound: v.1.使复合,组合,合成 2.(通过互让)调解争端,了结
本书作者故意忽略或轻描淡写那些在其他方面极为成功的外国工业中所存在的某些问题
和
缺点,以便强调它们所擅长的以及值得我们竭力加以仿效的那些方面。
Crosby's colleagues have never learned, at least
not in time to avoid embarrassing themselves,
that her occasional----air of befuddlement----a
display of her formidable intelligence.
genuine.. dominates
alert.. contradicts
acute.. precludes
bogus.. presages
painstaking.. succeeds
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
embarrass: v.1.使窘,使尴尬,使局促不安 2.妨碍,阻碍
air: n.1.外观,神态 2.故作的姿态,架子
befuddle ment: n.1.糊涂,迷惑不解,昏沉 2.烂醉
formidable: a.1.可怕的,令人畏慎的 2.难以克服(对付)的 3.令人钦佩的,优秀的
genuine: a.1.真的,名副其实的 2.真诚的,真实的
alert: a.1.警觉(惕)的,注意的 2.活泼的,敏捷的
acute: a.1.尖锐的,敏锐的 2.剧烈的,激烈的 3.严重的
preclude: v.1.排除,杜绝 2.阻止,妨碍
bogus: a.假冒的,伪造的
presage: v.1.预示(兆) 2.预感(知) 3.预先警告,预言
succeed: v.1.接着发生,接续 2.继承,继任
克劳斯比的同事们不曾明白——至少没能及时地明白过来从而得以避免陷入使自己难堪
的
窘境——她那偶然假冒的一副糊涂的模样,实则上预示着卓越智力的展露。
To ensure the development and exploitation of a
new technology, there must be a constant----of
several nevertheless distinct activities.
interplay
implementation
comprehending
improvement
exploration
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
exploitation: n.1.(资源等)开发,利用 2.剥削,榨取
interplay: n.相互作用,相互影响
implementation: n.贯彻,执行
comprehend: v.1.了解,领会 2.包括(含)
exploration: n.探究(索),钻研,考察,勘探
为了确保一种新技术的发展与利用,在多项依然是互不相涉的活动之间,必须有一种持
续
不断的交互联系。
Some customs travel well; often, however,
behavior that is considered the epitome of----at
home is perceived as impossibly rude or, at the
least, harmlessly bizarre abroad.
novelty
eccentricity
urbanity
coarseness
tolerance
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
epitome: n.1.梗概,节录 2.典型,象征,缩影
perceive: v.1.感知,感觉 2.认(意)到,理解 3.把…看作,认为
bizarre: a.奇形怪状的,异乎寻常的,怪诞的
novelty: n.1.新颖(奇),新奇感(性) 2.新奇事物(经验)
eccentricity: n.古怪,怪僻
urbanity: n.1.彬彬有礼,温文尔雅 2.城市性,居住在城市
coarseness: n.1.粗糙,劣质 2.粗俗(鲁),猬亵
impossibly: adv.不可能地,难地置信地
某些习俗畅行无阻,远播四方;但普遍的情形是,在国内被视作象征着温文尔雅的行为
,
在国外却会被看作难以置信地粗鲁,或者至少被觉得怪诞,却又无害。
The----of the early Greek philosophers'
attempts to explain the operations of the cosmos
led certain later thinkers to inquire into the----of
human reason.
difficulty.. origin
meaning.. supremacy
complexity.. reality
equivocations.. subtlety
failures.. efficacy
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
cosmos: n.1.宇宙 2.(思想等完整和谐的)一统体性 3.秩序,和谐
supremacy: n.1.至高无上 2.霸权地位,优势,最高地位
equivocation: n.含糊其辞,躲闪,推诿
subtlety: n.1.隐约难辨,稀薄 2.微妙,深奥 3.细微
efficacy: n.功效,效验,有效性
古希腊哲学家试图解释宇宙的运转,这些尝试的失败致使某些后来的思想家对人类理性
的
效验表示质疑。
Ever prey to vagrant impulses that impelled him
to----his talents on a host of unworthy projects,
his very----nonetheless enhanced his reputation,
for the sheer energy of his extravagance dazzled
observers.
undermine.. enthusiasm
isolate.. selectiveness
display.. affability
squander.. dissipation
implicate.. genius
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
prey(to): n.1.被捕食的动物,捕获物 2.(喻)牺牲品,牺牲者
vagrant: a.1.流浪(者)的,漂泊的 2.无常的,游移不定的
impulse: n.1.推动,冲力 2.冲动,刺激
impel: v.1.推动,激励 2.驱使,迫使,促使
a host of: n.许多,一系列
unworthy: a.1.无价值的,拙劣的,卑鄙可耻的 2.不值得的,与…不相称的
sheer: a.1.全然的,十足的,彻底的,绝对的 2.纯粹的
extravagance: n.1.奢侈,铺张,浪费,过度,无节制 2.放肆
dazzle: v.1.(强光等)使目眩,使眼花,耀眼 2.使昏眩,使赞叹不已,使倾倒
affability: n.1.和蔼可亲 2.(气候)宜人惬意
squander: v.1.浪费,滥用,挥霍 2.使分散,驱散
dissipation: n.1.浪费,消耗 2.放荡,乱闹 3.驱(消)散
implicate: v.1.含有…有意思 2.使某人牵连于(罪行)
他时时刻刻都成为各种乖戾无常的冲动的牺牲品,这些冲动驱使着他将其才华滥用于诸
多
无价值的项目上,尽管如此,正是他的这种漫无节制的行为使他名噪一时,因为他那十
足的恣
意放纵的劲头常常令旁观者瞠目结舌。
MULTIPLY: DIVIDE::
enumerate: count
speak: communicate
enter: leave
drive: ride
compute: estimate
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
乘:除
列举:清点,数
说:交流
进入:离去
驾驶:搭乘
计算:估计
RECLUSE: WITHDRAWN::
isolationist: unreserved
pacifist: aggressive
miser: liberal
bigot: biased
procrastinator: unmanageable
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
隐士:离群的(撤出的,取出的)
孤立主义者:坦率的
和平主义者:有进取心的(攻击性的)
吝啬鬼:大方慷慨的(自由开明的)
盲信者,执拗者:偏见的
拖延者:不能控制的
CURATOR: ART::
functionary: administration
archivist: documents
referee: laws
physician: research
raconteur: stories
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
博物馆馆长:艺术品
职员小官员:行政管理
档案保管人:文件公文
裁判:法规
内科医生:研究
善于讲故事的人:故事
ABACUS: CALCULATE::
organ: worship
patent: invent
calipers: regulate
manuscript: edit
sextant: navigate
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
算盘:记算(仔细盘算)
器官(风琴):崇拜
专利权:发明
卡钳:调控
手稿:编辑
六分仪:航海
STRAY: GROUP::
miscalculate: solution
improvise: suggestion
slur: pronunciation
delete: change
digress: subject
————————————————————————
答案:(E)
失散,走失:群体
错误计算:办法
既兴创作:建议
不清楚的说:发音
删除:改变
离题:主题
ESCAPE: CAPTURE::
warn: danger
immerse: dampness
feint: thrust
dodge: blow
invest: bankruptcy
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
逃跑:捕捉
敬告:危险
浸入:潮湿
佯攻:猛冲
躲避:击打
投资:破产
LEVEE: RIVER::
seam: fabric
corona: sun
cordon: crowd
petal: flower
moat: castle
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
防波堤:河流
缝:面料
日冕:太阳
警界线:人群
花瓣:花朵
护城河:城堡
MERCURIAL: MOOD::
energetic: delirium
jovial: conviviality
fickle: affection
martial: anarchy
paranoid: suspicion
————————————————————————
答案:(C)
三心二意的(活泼的):情绪
精力充沛的:精神错乱
快活的:爱吃喝玩乐的性格(欢宴)
友谊、情感易变的:爱
战争的(军事的):无政府
妄想狂:怀疑
ENUNCIATE: WORDS::
limn: lines
parse: sentences
hear: sounds
run: steps
stint: savings
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
宣布,清晰发音:词语
描画,刻画:线条(队伍)
从语法上分析:句子(判刑)
听见:声音
跑:步子(步骤,台阶)
吝啬:储蓄
a serious critic has to comprehend
the particular content, unique structure,
and special meaning of a work of art.
And here she faces a dilemma. The
(5) critic must recognize the artistic
element of uniqueness that requires
subjective reaction; yet she must not
be unduly prejudiced by such reactions.
Her likes and dislikes are less important
(10) than what the work itself communicates,
and her preferences may blind her to
certain qualities of the work and
thereby prevent an adequate
understanding of it. Hence, it is
(15) necessary that a critic develop a
sensibility informed by familiarity
with the history of art and aesthetic
theory. On the other hand, it is
insufficient to treat the artwork
(20) solely historically, in relation to
a fixed set of ideas or values. The
critic's knowledge and training are,
rather, a preparation of the cognitive
and emotional abilities needed for an
(25) adequate personal response to an
artwork's own particular qualities.
According to the author, a serious
art critic may avoid being prejudiced
by her subjective reactions if she
treats an artwork in relation
to fixed set of ideas and values
brings to her observation a
knowledge of art history and
aesthetic theory
allows more time for the
observation of each artwork
takes into account the
preferences of other art
critics
limits herself to that art
with which she has adequate
familiarity
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
一个严肃的评论家必须要领悟一部艺术作品具体的内容、独特的结构、以及特
殊的涵义。这里,她就面临着一种两难境地。这位评论家必须辨认出那种带有独特
性的艺术因素,而要做到这一点则需要主观反应;然则,她绝不应该因这样的反应
而过度地带有偏见。她自己的好恶相比于作品本身所传递出的内容,并不那么重要,
而她的主观倾向则有可能致使她对作品的某些特质视而不见,从而使她无法对作品
作出一种充分的理解。因此,一个评论家有必要培养发展一种鉴赏力,这各鉴赏力
应充斥着对艺术史和美学理论的熟稔。另一方面,纯粹从历史的角度,联系一整套
固定不变的思想和价值观来看待一部艺术作品,这也不尽充分。实质上,评论家的
知识及训练是其认识能力和情感能力的一种准备,而这些能力则是对艺术作品自身
的特质作出一种充分的个人反应所不可或缺的。
The author implies that it is
insufficient to treat a work of
art solely historically because
doing so would lead the critic
into a dilemma
doing so can blind the critic
to some of the artwork's unique
qualities
doing so can insulate the
critic from personally held
beliefs
subjective reactions can
produce a biased response
critics are not sufficiently
familiar with art history
————————————————————————
答案:(B)
一个严肃的评论家必须要领悟一部艺术作品具体的内容、独特的结构、以及特
殊的涵义。这里,她就面临着一种两难境地。这位评论家必须辨认出那种带有独特
性的艺术因素,而要做到这一点则需要主观反应;然则,她绝不应该因这样的反应
而过度地带有偏见。她自己的好恶相比于作品本身所传递出的内容,并不那么重要,
而她的主观倾向则有可能致使她对作品的某些特质视而不见,从而使她无法对作品
作出一种充分的理解。因此,一个评论家有必要培养发展一种鉴赏力,这各鉴赏力
应充斥着对艺术史和美学理论的熟稔。另一方面,纯粹从历史的角度,联系一整套
固定不变的思想和价值观来看待一部艺术作品,这也不尽充分。实质上,评论家的
知识及训练是其认识能力和情感能力的一种准备,而这些能力则是对艺术作品自身
的特质作出一种充分的个人反应所不可或缺的。
The passage suggests that the
author would be most likely to agree
with which of the following statements?
Art speaks to the passions as well
as to the intellect.
Most works of art express unconscious
wishes or desires.
The best art is accessible to the
greatest number of people
The art produced in the last few
decades is of inferior quality.
The meaning of art is a function
of the social conditions in which it
was produced.
————————————————————————
答案:(A)
一个严肃的评论家必须要领悟一部艺术作品具体的内容、独特的结构、以及特
殊的涵义。这里,她就面临着一种两难境地。这位评论家必须辨认出那种带有独特
性的艺术因素,而要做到这一点则需要主观反应;然则,她绝不应该因这样的反应
而过度地带有偏见。她自己的好恶相比于作品本身所传递出的内容,并不那么重要,
而她的主观倾向则有可能致使她对作品的某些特质视而不见,从而使她无法对作品
作出一种充分的理解。因此,一个评论家有必要培养发展一种鉴赏力,这各鉴赏力
应充斥着对艺术史和美学理论的熟稔。另一方面,纯粹从历史的角度,联系一整套
固定不变的思想和价值观来看待一部艺术作品,这也不尽充分。实质上,评论家的
知识及训练是其认识能力和情感能力的一种准备,而这些能力则是对艺术作品自身
的特质作出一种充分的个人反应所不可或缺的。
The author's argument is developed
primarily by the use of
an attack on sentimentality
an example of successful art
criticism
a critique of artists training
a warning against extremes in art
criticism
an analogy between art criticism
and art production
————————————————————————
答案:(D)
一个严肃的评论家必须要领悟一部艺术作品具体的内容、独特的结构、以及特
殊的涵义。这里,她就面临着一种两难境地。这位评论家必须辨认出那种带有独特
性的艺术因素,而要做到这一点则需要主观反应;然则,她绝不应该因这样的反应
而过度地带有偏见。她自己的好恶相比于作品本身所传递出的内容,并不那么重要,
而她的主观倾向则有可能致使她对作品的某些特质视而不见,从而使她无法对作品
作出一种充分的理解。因此,一个评论家有必要培养发展一种鉴赏力,这各鉴赏力
应充斥着对艺术史和美学理论的熟稔。另一方面,纯粹从历史的角度,联系一整套
固定不变的思想和价值观来看待一部艺术作品,这也不尽充分。实质上,评论家的
知识及训练是其认识能力和情感能力的一种准备,而这些能力则是对艺术作品自身
的特质作出一种充分的个人反应所不可或缺的。
Viruses, infectious particles
consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a
protein coat (the capsid), are difficult
to resist. Unable to reproduce outside
(5) a living cell, viruses reproduce only by
subverting the genetic mechanisms of a
host cell. In one kind of viral life
cycle,
--
过去太遥远,未来太迷茫。
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