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发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标题: GRE笔试真题No.9-5
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年08月26日18:28:35 星期天), 站内信件

Two maps are being designed. One will show subway lines; the other will show

bus routes. There are three subway lines and four bus routes, and each line
or
route must be represented on the maps by a color used to represent it only.
The
colors available to the designer of the maps are blue, green, orange, purple
,
red, tan, and yellow. Any assignment of colors to lines and routes is accept
able
provided the following conditions are met:
　
　Blue cannot be used on the same map as purple.
　Orange cannot be used on the same map as red, nor on the same map as yello
w.
If blue is used on the subway map, which of the following must be true?
Orange is used on the subway map.
Yellow is used on the subway map.
Purple is used on the bus map.
Green is used on the bus map.
Red is used on the bus map.
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
If red is used on the bus map, which of the following colors must be used
on the subway map?
Blue
Orange
Purple
Tan
Yellow
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
If yellow and purple are used on the subway map, the third color used on
that map must be
blue
green
orange
red
tan
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
If red and blue are used on the bus map, which of the following could be th
e
other two colors used on that map?
Green and purple
Green and tan
Green and yellow
Orange and tan
Purple and yellow
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
If green is not used on the same map as blue, nor on the same map as yellow
,
which of the following must be true?
Blue is used on the subway map.
Blue is used on the bus map.
Green is used on the same map as red.
Purple is used on the same map as orange.
Tan is used on the same map as red.
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
There will be only one acceptable assignment of colors to each of the two
maps if which of the following conditions is added to the original ones?
Purple and tan must be used on the subway map.
Green and purple must be used on the bus map.
Blue cannot be used on the same map as green.
Green cannot be used on the same map as yellow.
Purple cannot be used on the same map as red.
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
The claim that learning computer programming is a sure way to a bright
future is analogous to the contention, popular a few years ago, that if one
wanted a successful career, one should study law. Now, of course, there are
more law students graduating than the market can absorb.
　
The point of the analogy above is that
lawyers are making increasing use of computers in their work
computer programmers will increasingly need the services of lawyers
there will soon be more jobs for lawyers than there are now
there will soon be more programming students graduating than there are
　jobs for them
graduating law students and programming students will soon be competing
　with each other for the same jobs
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
Whenever Ned is outdoors and the sun is shining, Ned wears his sunglasses.
Whenever Ned is outdoors and the sun is not shining. Ned carries his sunglas
ses
in his pocket. Sometimes the sun is shining when Ned is not outdoors.
　
If the statements above are true and Ned is not Wearing his sunglasses, whic
h
of the following statements must also be true?
Ned is carrying his sunglasses in his pocket.
Ned is not outdoors.
Ned is not outdoors and the sun is not shining.
Ned is not outdoors and/or the sun is not shining.
Ned is outdoors and/or the sun is not shining.
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
Between 1950 and 1965, the federal government spent one-third more on
research and development than industry did from its own funds. In 1980, for
the first time, industry spent more on research and development than the
federal government did. Representatives of industry claim that these statist
ics
show an increased commitment on the part of industry to develop competitive
products.
　
Which of the following, if true, would help to refute the claim of the
representatives of industry?
In 1980 the federal government spent half as much on research and developme
nt
　as it spent in 1965.
Between 1965 and 1980, industry in the United States experienced increasing

　competition from industry in other countries.
In 1979 the federal government shifted research allocations from pharmaceut
icals
　to electronics.
Since 1965, industry has developed major product innovations, such as the
　personal computer.
Before 1985, money spent by industry on research and development was not
　taxed by the federal government.
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
　Seven offices in an office building are to be painted. The offices, which
are on one side of a hallway, are numbered consecutively, one to seven, from
the
front of the building to the back. Each office is to be painted one color on
ly
according to the following conditions:
　
　Two offices must be painted white; two offices must be painted blue; two o
ffices
　　must be painted green; and one office must be painted yellow.
　The two offices painted green must be next to each other.
　The two offices painted blue cannot be next to each other.
　The office painted yellow cannot be next to an office painted white.
　Office 3 must be painted white.
If office 2 is painted green, which of the following offices must also be
painted green?
1
3
4
5
6
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
If office 5 is painted white, which of the following could be true?
Office 1 is painted blue.
Office 2 is painted yellow.
Office 4 is painted green.
Office 4 is painted yellow.
Office 6 is painted blue.
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
If office 4 is painted white and an office that is painted green is next to

an office that is painted white, which of the following must be true?
Office 1 is painted green.
Office 1 is painted yellow.
Office 5 is painted blue.
Office 6 is painted yellow.
Office 7 is painted blue.
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
Which of the following conditions, when combined with the original conditio
ns,
has the consequence of completely determining the color that each office is
painted?
Office 1 must be painted yellow.
Office 1 must be painted green.
Office 4 must be painted blue.
Office 6 must be painted white.
Office 6 must be painted blue.
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
　A main carrier must deliver mail by making a stop at each of six buildings
:
K, L, M, O, P, and S. Mail to be delivered is of two types, ordinary mail an
d
priority mail. The delivery of both types of mail is subject to the followin
g
conditions:
　
　Regardless of the type of mail to be delivered, mail to P and mail to S mu
st be
　　delivered before mail to M is delivered.
　Regardless of the type of mail to be delivered, mail to L and mail to K mu
st be
　　delivered before mail to S is delivered.
　Mail to buildings receiving some priority mail must be delivered, as far a
s the
　　above conditions permit, before mail to buildings receiving only ordinar
y mail.
If K is the only building receiving priority mail, which of the following
lists the buildings in an order, from first through sixth, in which they can

receive their mail
L, K, P, S, O, M
L, K, S, P, M, O
K, L, P, M, S, O
K, P, L, S, O, M
O, K, L, P, S, M
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
If L, M, and S are each receiving priority mail, which of the following lis
ts
the buildings in an order, from first to sixth, in which they must receive t
heir
mail?
K, L, P, S, O, M
L, K, O, P, S, M
L, K, S, P, M, O
M, L, S, P, K, O
S, L, M, P, K, O
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
If the sequence of buildings to which mail is delivered is O, P, L, K, S, M

and if S is receiving priority mail, which of the following is a complete an
d
accurate list of buildings that must also be receiving priority mail?
O, L
O, P
P, L
P, M
O, P, L, K
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
If only one building is to receive priority mail, and, as a result, O can b
e
no earlier than fourth in the order of buildings, which of the following mus
t be
the building receiving priority mail that day?
K
L
M
P
S
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
Six musicians—Ann, Betsy, Gordon, Juan, Marian, and Ted—are planning to
　perform a program consisting entirely of three quartets. Each quartet requ
ires
　two violins, one cello, and a piano.
Each person must play in at least one quartet, and each person can play, at
　most, one instrument in a quartet. No person can play the same type of ins
trument
　(violin, cello, or piano) in two successive quartets.
　Ann plays violin only and must play in the first quartet.
　Betsy plays violin or piano.
　Gordon plays violin or cello.
　Juan plays cello only.
　Marian plays violin or piano.
　Ted plays piano only.
Any of the following musicians could play in the second quartet EXCEPT
Ann
Betsy
Gordon
Juan
Ted
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
If Juan plays cello in the first quartet, which of the following must be tr
ue?
Betsy plays piano in the first quartet.
Gordon plays cello in the second quartet.
Gordon plays cello in the third quartet.
Juan plays cello in the second quartet.
Ted plays piano in the first quartet.
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
If Ann, Betsy, Gordon, and Juan play in the first quartet, which of the
following could be the group of musicians playing in the second quartet?
Ann, Betsy, Gordon, and Marian
Ann, Gordon, Marian, and Ted
Betsy, Gordon, Juan, and Marian
Betsy, Gordon, Marian, and Ted
Betsy, Juan, Marian, and Ted
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
Which of the following groups of musicians includes all those, and only tho
se,
who CANNOT be scheduled to play in all three quartets, no matter what schedu
le is
devised?
Ann, Betsy, and Gordon
Ann, Juan, and Ted
Betsy, Gordon, and Marian
Betsy, Juan, and Marian
Gordon, Juan, and Ted
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
Unavailability of which of the following musicians would still permit
scheduling the five remaining players so that the proposed program could be
performed?
Betsy
Gordon
Juan
Marian
Ted
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
It is impossible to believe scientific predictions that a long "nuclear
winter" would envelop the Earth as a result of nuclear war. Atmospheric
scientists and weather experts cannot reliably and accurately predict
tomorrow's weather. Yet the effect of nuclear explosions on local and worldw
ide
atmospheric conditions must follow the same laws that control everyday weath
er
changes. if the weather cannot be predicted with present knowledge, neither
can a nuclear-winter scenario.
　
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument
made above that if scientists cannot reliably predict the daily weather, the
ir
predictions of a "nuclear winter" cannot be believed?
The scientific theory of a nuclear winter uses data that is available to
　those who forecast the daily weather.
Scientists' predictions about a nuclear winter are necessarily speculative,

　since they cannot be verified by harmless experimentation.
Weather forecasters usually do not insist that their predictions are
　infallible.
Scientific predictions of catastrophic natural events such as volcanic
　eruptions and earthquakes usually have less reliability than everyday weat
her
　predictions.
The scientific theory of a nuclear winter is concerned with drastic climati
c
　changes rather than day-to-day fluctuations in the weather.
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
Carla and Joel took five courses together but achieved the same grade in
only one of the courses—history. Each course was graded on scale ranging
from 60 to 100.
　
Which of the following statements allows one to determine whether the averag
e
of the grades Carla achieved in the five courses was higher than the average
of
the grades Joel achieved in those courses?
Carla's lowest grade was in history, but Joel's lowest grade was in math.
Joel's highest grade was higher than Carla's highest grade.
Carla achieved higher grades than Joel in three courses.
Carla's lowest grade and Joel's highest grade were the same.
Joel's lowest grade and Carla's highest grade were for the same course.
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
In the 1960's long-term studies of primate behavior often used as subjects
tamarins, small monkeys that were thought ideal because they require only sm
all
cages, breed frequently, and grow quickly. Field studies were not used becau
se
they were costly and difficult, Tamarins were kept caged in male-female pair
s,
because otherwise, serious fights erupted between unrelated females. On the
basis of the fact that breeding occurred, tamarins were viewed as monogamous
.
　
The view taken by the researchers concerning the monogamy of tamarins depend
ed
on a questionable assumption. Which of the following could have served as th
at
assumption?
The suppression of fighting between related females serves to protect their

　common genetic inheritance.
Adult male tamarins contribute to the care of tamatin infants.
The social system of tamatins requires monogamous pairing.
Male tamatin monkeys do not display aggressive bahavior in the wild.
The way the tamatins were kept in cages did not affect their mating behavio
r.
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
Though some of the information the author
reveals about Russian life might surprise
Americans, her major themes are---- enough.
familiar
thorough
vital
original
interesting
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
theme: n.1.题目，主题 2.（文学作品的）主题，主题思想 3.作文，论文
vital: a.1.（有）生命的，维持生命所必需的 2.充满生机的
　 3.必不可少的，极其重要的
　
尽管作者所揭示的有关俄罗斯生活的某些见闻有可能令美国人吃惊，但她的那些重要的
主
题却是人们所相当熟稔的。
In the early twentieth century, the discovery of
radium----the popular imagination; not only
was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its
market value----that of the rarest gemstone.
stormed.. sank to
horrified.. approached
taxed.. was equal to
enflamed..exceeded
escaped.. was comparable to
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
radium: n.镭
idolize: v.把…当偶象崇拜，极度敬慕，宠爱
gemstone: n.宝石（矿石）
　
storm: v.强烈感染，使着迷，使神魂颠倒
sink to: v.下降至，降落至
horrify: v.使恐惧，使毛骨悚然，使感惊骇
　
tax: v.1.使负担，受压力 2.指责，责备
enflame: v.1.使燃烧（炽热） 2.使激动过度 3.激起，加剧
be comparable to: v.可以和…相比拟的
　
二十世纪早期，镭的发现激发了公众的想象力；不仅仅它的发现者玛丽亚·居里倍受崇
拜，
而且它的市场价格也超过了最稀有宝石的售价。
The president's secretary and his chief aide
adored him, and both wrote obsessively----
personal memoirs about him; unfortunately,
however, ----does not make for true intimacy.
fatuous.. frankness
devoted.. idolatry
garrulous.. confidentiality
candid.. discretion
rancorous.. criticism
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
aide: n.助手，副官
obsessively: adv.1.使人着迷地，缠人地 2.过分地
memoir: n.1.传记，传略 2.回忆录，自传
　
intimacy: n.1.熟悉；亲密 2.亲昵的言语（行为） 3.私下，秘密
fatuous: a.1.愚昧的，昏庸的 2.虚幻的，不真实的
frankness: n.坦率，坦诚，率直
devoted: a.1.献身的，虔诚的，专心于…的 2.忠诚的，忠实的，挚爱的，恩爱的
idolatry: n.偶像崇拜，盲目崇拜
　
garrulous: a.饶舌的，喋喋不休的
confidentiality: n.1.秘密，机密 2.对他人的信任（in）
discretion: n.1.谨慎；慎重 2.决定（能力）；明智
rancorous: a.怨恨的，歹毒的；充满恶意的
　
总统的秘书和主要助手对他大加崇拜，两人都撰写了极度诚挚的有关总统的回忆录；但
不
幸的是，顶礼膜拜本身并不能构成真正的亲密关系。
Despite claims that his philosophy can be traced
to ----source, the philosophy in fact draws
liberally on several traditions and
methodologies and so could justifiably be
termed----.
a particular.. consistent
a schematic.. multifaceted
a dominant.. cogent
an authoritative.. derivative
a single.. eclectic
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
be traced to: v.追溯至，追踪至
draw on: v.借鉴，利用
liberally: adv.1.慷慨地 2.开明地，公允地 3.自由地
methodology: n.1.（学科的）一套方法 2.方法论（学） 3.教学法
justifiably: adv.正当合理地，无可非议地，情有可原地
　
particular: a.特定的，特殊的，特别的，独特的
schematic: a.1.图表的，略图的 2.纲要的，计划的
multifaceted: a.1.（宝石等）多刻面的 2.多方面的，多才多艺的
dominant: a.1.占优势的，支配的，统治的 2.占首位的，主导的
cogent: a.1.有说服力的，令人信服的，中肯切题的 2.有强制力的，强有力的
　
authoritative: a.1.权威性 2.官方的 3.专断的
derivative: a.1.被引申出的 2.派生的 3.缺乏独创性的，仿效他人的
eclectic: a.折中（主义）的，兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的
　
尽管有人声称他的哲学可追溯至单独一种渊源，但事实上该哲学自由地借鉴吸收了多种
传
统和方法论，因此，可被无可非议地称为折中主义式的。
Du Bois' foreign trips were the highlight, not
the ----, of his travels; he was habitually on the
go across and around the United States.
idiosyncrasy
result
precursor
culmination
totality
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
highlight: n.1.强光（效果） 2.最突出（或精彩）的部分，最重要的事件
idiosycrasy: n.1.个人气质；习性；癖好 2.表现手法；风格
precursor: n.1.先驱 2.先兆 3.前辈（任），前身
culmination: n.顶点；高潮；顶点（或高潮）的达到，完成，结果
　
杜波伊斯的海外旅行是其旅行生涯中最突出的部分，而非全部；他总是习惯性地在美国
各
地并环绕着美国到处周游。
Business forecasts usually prove reasonably
accurate when the assumption that the future
will be much like the past is----; in times of
major----in the business environment, however,
forecasts can be dangerously wrong.
specified.. discontinuities
questioned.. surges
contradicted.. improvements
entertained.. risks
satisfied.. shifts
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
forecast: n.1.预测（报） 2.预示，预言
assumption: n.1.假定，臆断 2.自负，傲慢 3.担任，承担就职
surge: n.1.起伏，颠簸 2.汹渗，奔腾 3.浪涛般汹涌奔腾 4.猛冲，急剧上升
entertain: v.1.给…娱乐，款待 2.接受，考虑 3.怀着，抱有，心存
shift: n.1.转移，移动，搬移 2.替换，更换，变动
　
商业预测常常能证明相当准确，只要未来与过去大致相同这一假设能得以满足；但在商
业
环境发生重大变化的时期，这些预测就有可能产生严重误差。
It is almost always desirable to increase the
yield of a crop if----increases are not also
necessary in energy, labor, and other inputs of
crop production.
predetermined
commensurate
compatible
measured
equivocal
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
desirable: a.1.值得想望的，值得拥有的 2.妩媚动人的 3.可取的，有利的
yield: n.1.出产，产量 2.产生，带来 3.给，给予
input: n.1.投入量 2.输入 3.信息，情况
predetermined: a.预先决定的；预先解商的
　
commensurate: a.1.相当的，相称的 2.相等的，同量的，同大的
compatible: a.能和睦相处的，合得来的；协调的，一致的
measured: 1.整齐的 2.从容不迫的 3.（诗歌）有节奏（韵律）的
　4.（言辞等）慎重的，经仔细考虑的，几经斟酌的，有分寸的
equivocal: 有歧义的；模棱两可的
　
农作物产量的增加几乎永远是可取的，如果农业生产的能源、劳动力和其他投入方面同
等
程度的增加并不必要的话。
MISER: STINGY::
porter: strong
rebel: idle
sage: docile
friend: snide
loner: solitary
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
吝啬鬼:吝啬的
　
搬运工:强壮的
反叛者:闲暇的
智者:听话的，温驯的
朋友:嘲弄的(卑劣的)
孤独者:孤独的
AQUEDUCT: WATER::
capillary: saliva
artery: blood
esophagus: breath
corridor: aircraft
tanker: fluids
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
引水渠:水
　
毛细管:唾液
动脉:血液
食道:呼吸
走廊:飞机
罐车，油轮:流体
ENZYME: CATALYST::
vaccine: allergy
bacterium: microbe
gland: muscle
vein: organ
neuron: corpuscle
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
酶:催化剂
　
疫苗:过敏
细菌:微生物
腺:肌肉
静脉:器官(风琴)
神经原:血细胞
LIEN: CLAIM::
brief: investigation
mortgage: interest
foreclosure: pleading
garnishment: presumption
subpoena: command
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
扣押权:声称占有，所有权
　
诉讼摘要(简短的adj.):调查
抵押贷款(律师的辩护状):利息
丧失赎取权:抗辩
扣押债务人财产(装饰n):专横(预测)
传票:命令
VERBOSITY: WORDS::
harmoniousness: relationships
floridness: embellishments
interrogation: answers
supposition: proposals
condemnation: acts
————————————————————————
答案：(B)
罗嗦:词语
　
和谐:联系
华丽，花哨:装饰
讯问:回答
推测:提议
谴责(定罪):行为
QUIXOTIC: IDEALISTIC::
churlish: polite
whimsical: steady
disinterested: impartial
touchy: sensitive
central: random
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
空想的，过份理想化的:理想主义的
　
粗鲁的:礼貌的
易变的(奇想的):稳定的
公正的:公正的
极为敏感的，暴躁的:敏感的
中心的:随机的
PREEMPT: PRECEDENCE::
dissemble: diplomacy
superintend: culpability
preside: arbitration
acquire: possession
divest: implication
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
以先买权取得:优先权
　
掩饰:外交
监督:有罪
主持(管理):仲裁
得到:所有权
摆脱(剥夺):纠缠，牵连
MALINGER: AIL::
study: learn
qualify: achieve
sneer: respect
flatter: appreciate
clash: resolve
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
装病:得小病
　
学习:学习，学会
使有资格:完成
嘲笑:尊敬
恭维:赞赏(感激)
冲突，抵触:下决心
ARBOREAL: TREES::
terrestrial: plains
amphibious: rivers
herbaceous: plants
subterranean: caves
sidereal: stars
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
树木的:树
　
地球的，陆地的:平原
两栖的:河流
草本的:植物
地下的，洞穴
星的:星
　　　Zooplankton, tiny animals adapted
　　to an existence in the ocean, have
　　evolved clever mechanisms for
　　obtaining their food, miniscule
(5) phytoplankton (plant plankton). A
　　very specialized feeding adaptation
　　in zooplankton is that of the
　　tadpolelike appendicularian who lives
　　in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon
(10) of mucus equipped with filters that
　　capture and concentrate phytoplankton.
　　The balloon, a transparent structure
　　that varies in design according to the
　　type of appendicularian inhabiting it,
(15) also protects the animal and helps to
　　keep it afloat. Water containing
　　phytoplankton is pumped by the
　　appendicularian's muscular tail into
　　the balloon's incurrent filters,
(20) passes through the feeding filter
　　where the appendicularian sucks the
　　food into its mouth, and then goes
　　through an exit passage. Found in all
　　the oceans of the world, including the
(25) Arctic Ocean, appendicularians tend to
　　remain near the water's surface where
　　the density of phytoplankton is
　　greatest.
It can be inferred from the
passage that which of the following
is true of appendicularians?
They are exclusively carnivorous.
They have more than one method of
obtaining food.
They can tolerate frigid water.
They can disguise themselves by
secreting mucus.
They are more sensitive to light
than are other zooplankton.
————————————————————————
答案：(C)
　　浮游动物（zooplankton），即适应于海洋生活的微小动物，已演变出甚为聪明
的机制用来获取其食物，即极小的浮游植物群落（phytoplankton），或曰植物浮游
生物（plant plankton）。浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾
海鞘纲动物（appendicularian）的那种适应性变化，而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃
大小（或更小）的黏液球囊内，装备有过滤器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。该球囊
乃一透明结构，依据栖息于其中的尾海鞘纲动物种类的不同而在构造上有所差异。
它也能起到保护球囊内动物的作用，并帮助该动物漂浮于水面。含水的浮游植物被
尾海鞘纲动物肌肉发达的尾巴泵入球囊的入水过滤器内，流经进食过滤器（尾海鞘
纲动物在这里将食物吸吮入口内），然后经过一外泄通道。尾海鞘纲动物在世界上所
有的海洋中都可被发现，包括北冰洋。这类动物倾向于呆在海水表面，因为那儿的
浮游植物密度为最高。
The author is primarily concerned
with
explaining how appendicularians
obtain food
examining the flotation methods
of appendicularians
mapping the distribution of
appendicualrians around the world
describing how appendicularians
differ from other zooplankton
comparing the various types of
balloons formed by appendicularians
————————————————————————
答案：(A)
　　浮游动物（zooplankton），即适应于海洋生活的微小动物，已演变出甚为聪明
的机制用来获取其食物，即极小的浮游植物群落（phytoplankton），或曰植物浮游
生物（plant plankton）。浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾
海鞘纲动物（appendicularian）的那种适应性变化，而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃
大小（或更小）的黏液球囊内，装备有过滤器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。该球囊
乃一透明结构，依据栖息于其中的尾海鞘纲动物种类的不同而在构造上有所差异。
它也能起到保护球囊内动物的作用，并帮助该动物漂浮于水面。含水的浮游植物被
尾海鞘纲动物肌肉发达的尾巴泵入球囊的入水过滤器内，流经进食过滤器（尾海鞘
纲动物在这里将食物吸吮入口内），然后经过一外泄通道。尾海鞘纲动物在世界上所
有的海洋中都可被发现，包括北冰洋。这类动物倾向于呆在海水表面，因为那儿的
浮游植物密度为最高。
According to the passage, all of
the following are descriptive of
appendicularians EXCEPT
tailed
vegetarian
small-sized
single-celled
ocean-dwelling
————————————————————————
答案：(D)
　　浮游动物（zooplankton），即适应于海洋生活的微小动物，已演变出甚为聪明
的机制用来获取其食物，即极小的浮游植物群落（phytoplankton），或曰植物浮游
生物（plant plankton）。浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾
海鞘纲动物（appendicularian）的那种适应性变化，而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃
大小（或更小）的黏液球囊内，装备有过滤器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。该球囊
乃一透明结构，依据栖息于其中的尾海鞘纲动物种类的不同而在构造上有所差异。
它也能起到保护球囊内动物的作用，并帮助该动物漂浮于水面。含水的浮游植物被
尾海鞘纲动物肌肉发达的尾巴泵入球囊的入水过滤器内，流经进食过滤器（尾海鞘
纲动物在这里将食物吸吮入口内），然后经过一外泄通道。尾海鞘纲动物在世界上所
有的海洋中都可被发现，包括北冰洋。这类动物倾向于呆在海水表面，因为那儿的
浮游植物密度为最高。
The passage suggests that
appendicularians tend to
remain in surface waters
because they
prefer the warmer water near
the surface
are unable to secrete mucus at
the lower levels of the ocean
use the contrast of light and
shadow at the surface to hide from
predators
live in balloons that cannot
withstand the water pressure deeper
in the ocean
eat food that grows more profusely
near the surface
————————————————————————
答案：(E)
　　浮游动物（zooplankton），即适应于海洋生活的微小动物，已演变出甚为聪明
的机制用来获取其食物，即极小的浮游植物群落（phytoplankton），或曰植物浮游
生物（plant plankton）。浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾
海鞘纲动物（appendicularian）的那种适应性变化，而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃
大小（或更小）的黏液球囊内，装备有过滤器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。该球囊
乃一透明结构，依据栖息于其中的尾海鞘纲动物种类的不同而在构造上有所差异。
它也能起到保护球囊内动物的作用，并帮助该动物漂浮于水面。含水的浮游植物被
尾海鞘纲动物肌肉发达的尾巴泵入球囊的入水过滤器内，流经进食过滤器（尾海鞘
纲动物在这里将食物吸吮入口内），然后经过一外泄通道。尾海鞘纲动物在世界上所
有的海洋中都可被发现，包括北冰洋。这类动物倾向于呆在海水表面，因为那儿的
浮游植物密度为最高。
　　　Students of United States
　　history, seeking to identify the
　　circumstances that encouraged the
　　emergence of feminist movements,
(5) have thoroughly investigated the
　　mid-nineteenth-century American
　　economic and social conditions that
　　affected the status of women. These
　　historians, however, have analyzed
(10) less fully the development of
　　specifically feminist ideas and
　　activities during the same period.
　　Furthermore, the ideological origins
　　of feminism in the United States
(15) have been obscured because, even
　　when historians did take into account
　　those feminist ideas and activities
　　occurring within the United States,
　　they failed to recognize that feminism
(20) was then a truly international
　　movement actually centered in Europe.
　　American feminist activists who have
　　been described as "solitary" and
　　"individual theorists" were in reality
(25) connected to a movement—utopian
　　socialism—which was already
　　popularizing feminist ideas in Europe
　　during the two decades that culminated
　　in the first women's rights conference
(30) held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
　　Thus, a complete understanding
　　of the origins and development of
　　nineteenth-century feminism in the
　　United States requires that the
(35) geographical focus be widened to
　　include Europe and that the
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