Flyingoverseas 版 (精华区)
发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: GRE最新练习题6
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年08月31日15:30:03 星期五), 站内信件
SECTION 1
Time -30 minutes
38 Questions
1.While scientists dismiss as fanciful the idea of sudden
changes in a genetic code (spontaneous mutation), it
is possible that nature, like some master musician,
---- on occasion, departing from the expected or
predictable.
(A) repeats
(B) improvises
(C) ornaments
(D) corrects
(E) harmonizes
2. Despite the ---- of time, space, and history, human
societies the world over have confronted the same
existential problems and have come to remarkably
---- solutions, differing only in superficial details.
(A) continuity.. identical
(B) uniformity.. diverse
(C) actualities.. varied
(D) contingencies.. similar
(E) exigencies.. unique
3. Although he was known to be extremely ---- in his
public behavior, scholars have discovered that his
diaries were written with uncommon ----.
(A) reserved.. frankness
(B) polite.. tenderness
(C) modest.. lucidity
(D) reticent.. vagueness
(E) withdrawn.. subtlety
4. With the ---- of scientific knowledge, work on
the new edition of a textbook begins soon after
completion of the original.
(A) limitation
(B) culmination
(C) veneration
(D) certainty
(E) burgeoning
5. She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her
private life she reveals a streak of ----.
(A) antipathy
(B) misanthropy
(C) virtuosity
(D) equanimity
(E) prodigality
6. If the state government's latest budget problems
were ----, it would not be useful to employ them as
----examples in the effort to avoid the inevitable
effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.
(A) typical.. representative
(B) exceptional.. aberrant
(C) anomalous.. illuminating
(D) predictable.. helpful
(E) solvable.. insignificant
7. Just as some writers have ---- the capacity of
language to express meaning, Giacometti ---- the
failure of art to convey reality.
(A) scoffed at .. abjured
(B) demonstrated.. exemplified
(C) denied.. refuted
(D) proclaimed.. affirmed
(E) despaired of .. bewailed
8. WALLET: MONEY::
(A) bank: vault
(B) suitcase: clothing
(C) checkbook: balance
(D) wealth: prestige
(E) envelope: stamp
9. INSTRUMENTALIST: SYMPHONY::
(A) author: drama
(B) photographer: cinema
(C) composer: concerto
(D) artist: painting
(E) dancer: ballet
10. PLATEAU: CHANGE:
(A) respite: activity
(B) asylum: security
(C) terminus: journey
(D) interval: time
(E) lull: rest
11. ISTHMUS: LAND::
(A) peninsula: island
(B) canal: river
(C) stratosphere: air
(D) strait: water
(E) tunnel: mountain
12. EMBARGO: COMMERCE::
(A) abstention: election
(B) strike: lockout
(C) boycott: development
(D) quarantine: contact
(E) blockade: port
13. DILATORY: PROCRASTINATE::
(A) recalcitrant: comply
(B) malcontent: complain
(C) ambivalent: decide
(D) inept: modify
(E) credulous: learn
14. NOMINAL: SIGNIFICANCE::
(A) titular: honor
(B) ephemeral: brevity
(C) divisible: continuity
(D) anomalous: distinction
(E) disjunctive: unity
15. PLAGIARISM: IDEAS::
(A) libel: words
(B) forgery: documents
(C) arson: buildings
(D) kidnapping: ransom
(E) rustling: cattle
16. POLITIC: OFFEND::
(A) distressing: terrify
(B) aloof: associate
(C) misunderstood: surmise
(D) vacuous: deplete
(E) trivial: bore
For many years, Benjamin Quarles' seminal
account of the participation of African Americans in the
American Revolution has remained the standard work
in the field. According to Quarles, the outcome of this
conflict was mixed for African American slaves who
enlisted in Britain's fight against its rebellious
American colonies in return for the promise of freedom:
the British treacherously resold many into slavery in the
West Indies, while others obtained freedom in Canada
and Africa. Building on Quarles' analysis of the latter
group, Sylvia Frey studied the former slaves who
emigrated to British colonies in Canada. According to
Frey, these refugees-the most successful of the African
American Revolutionary War participants-viewed
themselves as the ideological heirs of the American
Revolution. Frey sees this inheritances reflected in their
demands for the same rights that the American
revolutionaries had demanded from the British: land
ownership, limits to arbitrary authority and burdensome
taxes, and freedom of religion.
17.According to the passage, which of the following
is true about the African American Revolutionary
War participants who settled in Canada after the
American Revolution?
(A) Although they were politically unaligned with
either side, they identified more with British
ideology than with American ideology.
(B) While they were not immediately betrayed by
the British, they ultimately suffered the same
fate as did African American Revolutionary.
War participants who were resold into slavery
in the West Indies.
(C) They settled in Canada rather than in Africa
because of the greater religious freedom
available in Canada.
(D) They were more politically active than were
African American Revolutionary War participants
who settled in Africa.
(E) They were more successful than were African
American Revolutionary War participants who
settled Africa.
18.Which of the following is most analogous to the
relationship between the African American
Revolutionary War participants who settled in
Canada after the American Revolution and the
American revolutionaries, as that relationship is
described in the passage?
(A) A brilliant pupil of a great musician rebels
against the teacher, but adopts the teacher's
musical style after the teacher's unexpected
death.
(B) Two warring rulers finally make peace after a
lifetime of strife when they realize that they
have been duped by a common enemy.
(C) A child who has sided with a domineering
parent against a defiant sibling later makes
demands of the parent similar to those once
made by the sibling.
(D) A writer spends much of her life popularizing
the work of her mentor, only to discover late in
life that much of the older writer's work is
plagiarized from the writings of a foreign
contemporary.
(E) Two research scientists spend much of their
careers working together toward a common
goal, but later quarrel over which of them should
receive credit for the training of a promising
student.
19. The author of the passage suggests that which of the
following is true of Benjamin Quarles' work?
(A) It introduced a new and untried research method-
ology.
(B) It contained theories so controversial that they
gave rise to an entire generation of scholarship
(C) It was a pioneering work that has not yet been
displaced by subsequent scholarship.
(D) It launched the career of a scholar who later wrote
even more important works.
(E) At the time it appeared, its author already enjoyed
a well-established reputation in the field.
20.Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage concerning Britain's rule in its Canadian
colonies after the American Revolution?
(A) Humiliated by their defeat by the Americans, the
British sharply curtailed civil rights in their Canadian
colonies.
(B) The British largely ignored their Canadian
colonies.
(C) The British encouraged the colonization of Canada
by those African Americans who had served on
the American side as well as by those who had
served on the British side.
(D) Some of Britain's policies in its Canadian colonies
were similar to its policies in its American colo-
nies before the American Revolution.
(E) To reduce the debt incurred during the war, the
British imposed even higher taxes on the Cana-
dian colonists than they had on the American
colonists.
Over the years, biologists have suggested two main
pathways by which sexual selection may have shaped the
evolution of male birdsong. In the first, male competition
and intrasexual selection produce relatively short, simple
songs used mainly in territorial behavior. In the second,
female choice and intersexual selection produce longer,
more complicated songs used mainly in mate attraction;
like such visual ornamentation as the peacock's tail, elabo-
rate vocal characteristics increase the male's chances of
being chosen as a mate, and he thus enjoys more repro-
ductive success than his less ostentatious rivals. The two
pathways are not mutually exclusive, and we can expect to
find examples that reflect their interaction. Teasing them
apart has been an important challenge to evolutionary biol-
ogists.
Early research confirmed the role of intrasexual selection.
In a variety of experiments in the field, males responded
aggressively to recorded songs by exhibiting territorial
behavior near the speakers. The breakthrough for research
into intersexual selection came in the development of a new
technique for investigating female response in the labor-
atory. When female cowbirds raised in isolation in sound-
proof chambers were exposed to recordings of male song,
they responded by exhibiting mating behavior. By quanti-
fying the responses, researchers were able to determine
what particular features of the song were most important.
In further experiments on song sparrows, researchers found
that when exposed to a single song type repeated several
times or to a repertoire of different song types, females
responded more to the latter. The beauty of the experi-
mental design is that it effectively rules out confounding
variables; acoustic isolation assures that the female can
respond only to the song structure itself.
If intersexual selection operates as theorized, males with
more complicated songs should not only attract females
more readily but should also enjoy greater reproductive
success. At first, however, researchers doing fieldwork with
song sparrows found no correlation between larger reper-
toires and early mating, which has been shown to be one
indicator of reproductive success; further, common measures
of male quality used to predict reproductive success, such
as weight, size, age, and territory, also failed to correlate
with song complexity.
The confirmation researchers had been seeking was
finally achieved in studies involving two varieties of war-
blers. Unlike the song sparrow, which repeats one of its
several song types in bouts before switching to another, the
warbler continuously composes much longer and more vari-
able songs without repetition. For the first time, researchers
found a significant correlation between repertoire size and
early mating, and they discovered further that repertoire
size had a more significant effect than any other measure
of male quality on the number of young produced. The evi-
dence suggests that warblers use their extremely elaborate
songs primarily to attract females, clearly confirming the
effect of intersexual selection on the evolution of birdsong.
21. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) showing that intrasexual selection has a greater
effect on birdsong than does intersexual selection
(B) contrasting the role of song complexity in several
species of birds
(C) describing research confirming the suspected rela-
tionship between intersexual selection and the
complexity of birdsong
(D) demonstrating the superiority of laboratory work
over field studies in evolutionary biology
(E) illustrating the effectiveness of a particular
approach to experimental design in evolutionary
biology
22.The author mentions the peacock's tail in line 8 most
probably in order to
(A) cite an exception to the theory of the relationship
between intrasexual selection and male compe-
tition
(B) illustrate the importance of both of the pathways
that shaped the evolution of birdsong
(C) draw a distinction between competing theories of
intersexual selection
(D) give an example of a feature that may have
evolved through intersexual selection by female
choice
(E) refute a commonly held assumption about the role
of song in mate attraction
23.According to the passage, which of the following is
specifically related to intrasexual selection?
(A) Female choice
(B) Territorial behavior
(C) Complex song types
(D) Large song repertoires
(E) Visual ornamentation
24.Which of the following, if true, would most clearly
demonstrate the interaction mentioned in lines 11-13?
(A) Female larks respond similarly both to short,
simple songs and to longer, more complicated
songs.
(B) Male canaries use visual ornamentation as well as
elaborate song repertoires for mate attraction.
(C) Both male and female blackbirds develop elabo-
rate visual and vocal characteristics.
(D) Male jays use songs to compete among themselves
and to attract females.
(E) Male robins with elaborate visual ornamentation
have as much reproductive success as rivals with
elaborate vocal characteristics.
25. The passage indicates that researchers raised female
cowbirds in acoustic isolation in order to
(A) eliminate confounding variables
(B) approximate field conditions
(C) measure reproductive success
(D) quantify repertoire complexity
(E) prevent early mating
26. According to the passage, the song sparrow is unlike
the warbler in that the song sparrow
(A) uses songs mainly in territorial behavior
(B) continuously composes long and complex songs
(C) has a much larger song repertoire
(D) repeats one song type before switching to another
(E) responds aggressively to recorded songs
27.The passage suggests that the song sparrow experiments
mentioned in lines 37-43 failed to confirm the role
of intersexnal selection because
(A) females were allowed to respond only to the
song structure
(B) song sparrows are unlike other species of birds
(C) the experiments provided no evidence that
elaborate songs increased male reproductive
success
(D) the experiments included the songs of only a small
number of different song sparrows
(E) the experiments duplicated some of the limitations
of previous field studies
28. STRINGENT:
(A) lax
(B) elusive
(C) impartial
(D) evident
(E) vast
29. INTERIM:
(A) obscure
(B) permanent
(C) prudent
(D) resolute
(E) secure
30. SCATHING:
(A) easily understood
(B) politely cooperative
(C) intentionally involuted
(D) calmly complimentary
(E) strongly partisan
31. CAPITULATE:
(A) enjoin
(B) resist
(C) observe closely
(D) consider carefully
(E) appraise critically
32. RECONSTITUTE:
(A) detail
(B) invent
(C) spoil
(D) conform
(E) dehydrate
33. REPUTE:
(A) lack of caution
(B) lack of knowledge
(C) lack of emotion
(D) lack of generosity
(E) lack of distinction
34. TAME:
(A) resolute
(B) ruinous
(C) racy
(D) erratic
(E) experienced
35. INDURATE:
(A) soften
(B) puncture
(C) denude
(D) immure
(E) exchange
36. PROLIXITY:
(A) succinctness
(B) profundity
(C) persuasiveness
(D) complacency
(E) cleverness
37. CALLOW:
(A) displaying keen intelligence
(B) behaving with adult sophistication
(C) reacting cheerfully
(D) showing foresight
(E) deciding quickly
38. FRIABLE:
(A) not easily crumbled
(B) not easily torn
(C) not easily melted
(D) not easily eroded
(E) not easily punctured
SECTION 2
Time -30 inutes
25 Questions
1.The ancient Greek playwright Euripides followed the
established conventions of verse composition less rig-
orously at the end of his career than at the beginning.
Since the lines from a recently discovered Euripidean
play adhere to those conventions as rigorously as do
lines from Euripides' early plays, the recently discov-
ered play must have been composed early in Euripides'
career.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the
argument?
(A) All of Euripides' plays were written in verse.
(B) Euripides did not write any plays late in his
career in which he imitated the style of his
early plays.
(C) Euripides grew increasingly unaware of the
established conventions of verse composition
as his career progressed.
(D) Late in his career, Euripides was the only
playwright of his day who consciously broke
with the established conventions of verse
composition.
(E) Ancient playwrights tended to be less willing to
violate certain conventions early in their
careers than they were later in their careers
2.In the United States, average fuel efficiency of
newly manufactured domestic cars, although
remaining worse than that of newly manufactured
imported cars, substantially improved between 1983
and 1988. Average fuel efficiency of new domestic
cars has not improved since, but the difference in
average fuel efficiencies of new domestic cars and
new imported cars has steadily decreased.
If the statements above are true, which of the
following must also be true on the basis of them?
(A) Average fuel efficiency of domestic cars manu-
factured after 1988 was better than that of
imported cars manufactured before 1988.
(B) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured
domestic cars has steadily worsened since 1988.
(C) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured
imported cars has steadily worsened since 1988.
(D) Average fuel efficiency of newly manufactured
imported cars has steadily improved since 1983.
(E) Average fuel efficiency of imported cars manu-
factured in 1983 was better than that of
imported cars manufactured in 1988.
Questions 3-8
In order to remodel a kitchen, exactly six major tasks-
installing appliances, plumbing, refinishing, sanding,
tiling, and wallpapering―are to be done over six con-
secutive days―numbered 1 through 6. The order of the
tasks is governed by the following conditions:
Exactly one task must be done each day.
Refinishing must be done on the day after sanding is done.
Installing appliances and tiling must each be done on
some day after the day on which plumbing is done.
Wallpapering must be done on some day after the day
on which refinishing is done.
3.Which of the following is an acceptable order in
which the tasks can be done on days 1 through 6?
(A) Installing appliances, sanding, refinishing,
wallpapering, plumbing, tiling
(B) Plumbing, installing appliances, wallpapering,
sanding, refinishing, tiling
(C) Plumbing, sanding, refinishing, installing
appliances, wallpapering, tiling
(D) Sanding, plumbing, installing appliances,
refinishing, tiling, wallpapering
(E) Sanding, refinishing, tiling, wallpapering,
plumbing, installing appliances
4.The latest day on which plumbing can be done is day
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
5.If sanding is done on day 1, then wallpapering
CANNOT be done on day
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 6
6.If tiling is done on day 2 and installing appliances is
done on day 5, which of the following are the tasks
that must be done on days 1 and 6, respectively?
(A) Plumbing, refinishing
(B) Plumbing, wallpapering
(C) Sanding, plumbing
(D) Sanding, wallpapering
(E) Wallpapering, sanding
7.If plumbing is done on day 1 and wallpapering is
done on day 5, which of the following can be the
tasks that are done on days 2 and 6, respectively?
(A) Refinishing, tiling
(B) Sanding, installing appliances
(C) Sanding, refinishing
(D) Tiling, refinishing
(E) Tiling, sanding
8.If tiling is done on day 3, which of the following
must be done on day 2?
(A) Installing appliances
(B) Plumbing
(C) Refinishing
(D) Sanding
(D) Wallpapering
Questions 9-10 are based on the following graph.
9. It can be properly concluded from the graph that
(A) the drought beginning after 1981 affected crops
to a similar degree in the four countries
(B) a country can withstand a severe famine without
a substantial increase in mortality
(C) a substantial decline in production of food per
person in a country does not necessarily result
in famine and increased deaths
(D) the drought was more severe in the four countries
by 1984 than it had been in 1982
(E) there is no way to differentiate between coun-
tries that will and countries that will not suffer
severe famine when food production drops
sharply
10.Which of the following, if true, contributes most to
an explanation of differences in the presence of
famine that are shown on the graph?
(A) The drought that began in 1981 was more severe
in the countries of Botswana and Zimbabwe
than in Sudan and Ethiopia.
(B) Before the drought, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Bots-
wana were exporters of their major food crops,
including grain, but Zimbabwe was not an
exporter of its major food crops.
(C) During 1979-1984, the population of Botswana
and Zimbabwe combined was less than the
population of either Sudan or Ethiopia.
(D) At the beginning of the drought, surplus food
stocks in Sudan and Botswana were larger,
relative to population, than in Ethiopia and
Zimbabwe.
(E) Popular demand for relief elicited a prompt
response from the governments of Botswana
and Zimbabwe, because they were democracies,
but not from the nondemocratic governments
of Sudan and Ethiopia.
11. Between 1970 and 1980, energy consumption by
United States industry peaked and then declined, so
that by 1980 total industrial use of energy was below
the 1970 level even though total industrial output
had grown substantially in the same period. Industry
must have instituted highly effective energy conser-
vation measures in those years to have achieved such
impressive results.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weak-
ens the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Many industries switched to the greatest extent
possible from high-priced oil to lower-priced
alternatives throughout the 1970's.
(B) Total residential energy consumption was higher
in the United States in 1980 than it had been
in 1970
(C) Many industrial users of energy had paid little
attention to energy conservation prior to 1970.
(D) Industrial output grew less rapidly from 1970 to
1980 than it had from 1960 to 1970.
(E) The industries whose production dropped sharply
during the 1970's included a disproportionately
large number of energy-intensive industries.
12.Many people acquire software programs for their
home computers by illegally copying those programs
rather than purchasing them. People who own home
computers must be making, on average, fewer illegal
copies of software programs than before, however,
since the average number of software programs that
people purchase to use on their home computers has
increased substantially over the past five years.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the
argument?
(A) The number of home computers in use has
increased substantially over the past five years.
(B) Five years ago, about half of the software pro-
grams used on home computers had been
illegally copied rather than purchased.
(C) Most people who have home computers use
their computers more frequently the longer
they have them.
(D) Few people who prefer to copy computer
software programs illegally cannot copy the
software programs they want because they
have no acquaintances who have those
software programs.
(E) On average, people with home computers have
the same number of software programs today as
people with home computers did five years ago.
Questions 13-17
Exactly seven detectives―G, H, J, K, M, O, and P-
will investigate two cases-case 1 and case 2. Each of
the seven detectives will investigate exactly one of the
two cases. Four of the detectives will investigate case 1,
and three of the detectives will investigate case 2. Detec-
tives will be assigned to cases in accordance with the
following conditions:
G cannot investigate the same case that J investigates.
Whichever case K investigates must also be the case
that M investigates.
H must investigate case 1.
13. Which of the following is an acceptable assignment
of the detectives to the two cases?
Case 1 Case 2
(A) G, H, J, P K, M, O
(B) G, K, M, O H, J, P
(C) H, J, O G, K, M, P
(D) H, J, K, M G, O, P
(E) H, J, K, P G, M, O
14.If J investigates the same case that P investigates,
which of the following detectives must investigate
the same case that K investigates?
(A) G
(B) H
(C) J
(D) O
(E) P
15.If O investigates case 2, which of the following must
also investigate case 2?
(A) G
(B) J
(C) K
(D) M
(E) P
16.If J investigates case 2, which of the following is a
pair of detectives who must investigate the same
case as each other?
(A) G and H
(B) G and P
(C) H and O
(D) J and K
(E) J and M
17.Any of the following can be true EXCEPT:
(A) G investigates the same case that H investigates.
(B) H investigates the same case that M investigates.
(C) K investigates the same case that O investigates.
(D) J investigates case 1.
(E) P investigates case 2.
Questions 18-22
Each year, a gardener will plant five kinds of vegetables-
F, G, J, K, and M, not necessarily in that order-in a
garden consisting of five parallel, adjacent rows, numbered
consecutively 1 through 5. One kind of vegetable will be
planted per row each year according to the following rules:
K cannot be planted in the same row in any two
successive years.
If J is planted in a given row in one year, M must be
planted in that row the next year.
Because of nutrient requirements, F and M cannot in
any year be planted in rows that are adjacent to each
other.
In any year, J must be planted in a row that is adjacent
to the row in which G is planted.
18.Which of the following is an acceptable plan for
planting in the first year the garden is planted, with
the kinds of vegetables in order from row 1 through
row 5?
(A) F, G, J, M, K
(B) G, M, J, K, F
(C) J, K, M, G, F
(D) K, J, G, M, F
(E) M, G, K, J, F
19.If in a given year the order of the vegetables planted,
from row 1 through row 5, is K, F, G, J, M, then in
the next year. F must be planted in row
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
20.Which of the following must be true in a year in
which G is planted in row 5?
(A) F is planted in row 1.
(B) J is planted in row 3.
(C) K is planted in row 2.
(D) M is planted in row 1.
(E) M is planted in row 3.
21.If M is to be planted in row 5 in the second year the
garden is planted, then which of the following must
be planted in row 4 in the first year?
(A) F
(B) G
(C) J
(D) K
(E) M
22.If in a given year J is planted in row 1, then in the
next year K can be planted in row
(A) 1 or 5 but cannot be planted in any other row
(B) 2 or 4 but cannot be planted in any other row
(C) 2 or 5 but cannot be planted in any other row
(D) 3 or 5 but cannot be planted in any other row
(E) 4 or 5 but cannot be planted in any other row
23.From a newspaper editorial:
Many people who are addicted to heroin will even-
tually attempt to overcome their addiction, prin-
cipally for two reasons:the expense of maintaining
a heroin addiction and the fear of arrest. If heroin
were legalized and made available cheaply, as some
people advocate, neither of these reasons would
apply
The considerations above can best serve as part of an
argument that
(A) legalizing the sale of heroin would cause the
price of this drug to go down
(B) making it easier for heroin addicts to obtain
treatment for their addiction would encourage
many heroin addicts to attempt to overcome
their addiction
(C) legalizing the sale of heroin would increase the
number of crimes committed by heroin addicts
to support their addiction
(D) making heroin available legally and cheaply
would make it less likely that heroin addicts
will attempt to overcome their addiction
(E) decreasing the severity of penalties for individuals
who use heroin would not increase the number
of new heroin addicts
24.Stem borers are insect pests that often ruin North
American corn crops. On some other continents, crop
damage by stem borers is controlled by a certain
species of wasp. Since these wasps eat nothing but
stem borers, importing them into North America will
keep crop damage from stem borers under control
without endangering other North American insect
species.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Corn is the principal food of stem borers that
live on continents other than North America.
(B) The wasps are capable of surviving in North
America long enough to eat significant
numbers of stem borers.
(C) No wasp in North America is closely related to
the species of wasp that eats stem borers.
(D) On continent other than North America, the
wasps control stem borers more effectively
than does any other pest control measure.
(E) Corn crops on continents other than North
America are not damaged by any insect pests
other than stem borers.
25.In the country of Laurelia, legal restrictions on the sale
of lock-picking equipment were relaxed ten years ago,
and since then Laurelia's burglary rate has risen dramat-
ically. Hence, since legally purchased lock-picking
equipment was used in most burglaries, reintroducing
strict limits on the sale of this equipment would help to
reduce Laurelia's burglary rate.
Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument?
(A) Laurelia's overall crime rate has risen dramatically
--
过去太遥远,未来太迷茫。
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