发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: 陈圣元填空题最新题详细解答
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年09月01日17:45:11 星期六), 站内信件
96年10月section 2
【中文释义】
由于被研究的猴子习惯了人的存在，所以他们通常会忽略人的观察而我行我素。
【解题分析】
第二个空格后第三个单词and是个小连接，and后的go about their business是“旁若无
人, 我行我素 ”的意思，所以and前应为同样的含义，答案b为disregard human obse
rvers, 即为旁若无人之意。
【重点词条】
am.biv.a.lence n 1: simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (as
attraction and
repulsion) toward an object, person, or action 2 a: continual fluctuation (a
s between one thing and its opposite) b: uncertainty as to which approach to
follow -- am.biv.a.lent adj -- am.biv.a.lent.ly adv
in.hib.it vb. 1: to prohibit from doing something 2 a: to hold in check: res
train b: to discourage from free or spontaneous activity esp. through the op
eration of inner psychological impediments or of social controls ~ vi: to ca
use inhibition syn see forbid -- in.hib.i.tive adj -- in.hib.i.to.ry adj
【中文释义】
考虑到她以前表达过的兴趣以及最近演讲中的雄心勃勃的语调，这位议员试图使公众确
信她对
第二届连任不感兴趣的企图就徒劳无功。
【解题分析】
Given在句首表原因，此句的因果关系非常的明显。如果given在句尾，则往往表示条件
，请参照93年4月section4的2。
【重点词条】
Ambitious 1 a: having or controlled by ambition b: having a desire to achiev
e a particular goal: aspiring 2: resulting from, characterized by, or showin
g ambition -- am.bi.tious.ly adv -- am.bi.tious.ness n
Futile 1: serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective <efforts to conv
ince him were ~> 2: occupied with trifles: frivolous -- fu.tile.ly adv -- fu
.tile.ness n
syn futile, vain, fruitless mean producing no result. futile may connote com
pleteness of failure or unwisdom of undertaking <resistance had proved so fu
tile that surrender was the only choice left>. vain usu. implies simple fail
ure to achieve a desired result <a vain attempt to get the car started>. fru
itless comes close to vain but often suggests long and arduous effort or sev
ere disappointment <fruitless efforts to obtain a lasting peace>.
Authentic 1 obs: authoritative 2 a: worthy of acceptance or belief as confor
ming to or based on fact <paints an ~ picture of our society> b: conforming
to an original so as to reproduce essential features <an ~ reproduction of a
colonial farmhouse> c: made or done the same way as an original <~ Mexican
fare> 3: not false or imitation: real, actual <based on ~ documents> <an ~ c
ockney accent> 4 a of a church mode: ranging upward from the keynote--compar
e plagal 1 b of a cadence: progressing from the dominant chord to the tonic-
-compare plagal 2 5: true to one's own personality, spirit, or character --
au.then.ti.cal.ly adv -- au.then.tic.i.ty n
syn authentic, genuine, bona fide mean being actually and exactly what is cl
aimed. authentic implies being fully trustworthy as according with fact <an
authentic account of the perilous journey>; it can also stress painstaking o
r faithful imitation of an original <an authentic reproduction> <authentic V
ietnamese cuisine>. genuine implies actual character not counterfeited, imit
ated, or adulterated <genuine piety> <genuine maple syrup>; it also connotes
definite origin from a source <a genuine Mark Twain autograph>. bona fide i
mplies good faith and sincerity of intention <a bona fide offer for the stoc
k>.
3.【中文释义】
很多她的支持者继续忠实于她，即使是那些反对她的领导的人也不敢肯定在现在的混乱
中替换
她是否正确。
【解题分析】
Remain 是主体词，该题是remain两种考法中的第二种，在remain前找一词填到其后即可
，在其前面的四个单词many, of, her, followers中当然选followers. 此处只不过需要
词性变化一下而已。与支持者followers最吻合的形容词是c的loyal.
4.【中文释义】
和许多最近对贝多芬钢琴奏鸣曲的演绎不一样，这位独奏家的表演是欢快自由和内省的
风格；但是，看起来似乎矛盾的是，他的演绎却一点没有失控。
【解题分析】
分号上半句中很明显判断词free and introspective 是主体词，所以下半句转折就应针
对free and introspective来进行。free的反义词为e的controlled. 解题时不必拘泥于
introspective这个音乐专业词汇，既然introspective和free为并列的小连接，那么只
需找free的反义词即可。事实上introspective的专业词意即为内心独白的，自由奔放的
，即兴发挥的。需要强调的是b的exuberant也有类似的专业词义。
【重点词条】
introspective : a reflective looking inward: an examination of one's own tho
ughts and feelings -- in.tro.spect vb -- in.tro.spec.tion.al adj -- in.tro.s
pec.tive adj -- in.tro.spec.tive.ly adv -- in.tro.spec.tive.ness n
appealing 1: marked by earnest entreaty: imploring 2: having appeal
exuberant 1: extreme or excessive in degree, size, or extent 2 a: joyously u
nrestrained and enthusiastic b: unrestrained or elaborate esp. in style: fla
mboyant <~ architecture> 3: produced in extreme abundance: plentiful syn see
profuse -- ex.u.ber.ant.ly adv
5. 【中文释义】
代谢速度相对比较慢的物种，包括有冬眠习性的动物，通常会比那些代谢速度更快的物
种长
寿。
【解题分析】
显然是一套比较结构的题目。比较双方应互相对比，with relatively 加空格这一段和
whose
metabolic rates are more rapid对比。和rapid对比的是c的sluggish.
【重点词条】
prolific 1: producing young or fruit esp. freely: fruitful 2 archaic: causin
g abundant growth, generation, or reproduction 3: marked by abundant inventi
veness or productivity <a ~ composer> syn see fertile -- pro.lif.i.ca.cy n -
- pro.lif.i.cal.ly adv -- pro.lif.ic.ness n
sedentary1: not migratory: settled <~ birds> 2: doing or requiring much sitt
ing 3: permanently attached <~ barnacles>
sluggish 1: averse to activity or exertion: indolent; also: torpid 2: slow t
o respond (as to stimulation or treatment) 3 a: markedly slow in movement, f
low, or growth b: economically inactive or slow -- sl ug.gish.ly adv -- slug
.gish.ness n
measured 1: marked by due proportion 2 a: marked by rhythm: regularly recurr
ent <a ~ gait> b: metrical 3: deliberate, calculated <a ~ response> -- mea.s
ured.ly adv
restive 1: stubbornly resisting control: balky 2: marked by impatience: fidg
ety syn see contrary -- res.tive.ly adv -- res.tive.ness n
6.【中文释义】
与他早期的毫不妥协的谈判者的声誉截然相反，摩根现在采取了一种更利于和解的态度
，他的
早期的批评者们因此而赞扬他。
【解题分析】
earlier reputation与后文的recently显然在提示时间对比。并且同时又是一个空对空
的题型（虽然知道两个空格之间的逻辑关系，但是由于两个均为空格，无法一步推断答
案，但这种情况下通常句中会在第二空格后有进一步的提示），在第二个空格后有限定
，由这两点可以知道两空格为反义词，并且后面的空格为褒义，前面为贬义，满足这两
个条件的为a.
【重点词条】
conciliatory 1: to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts 2: to make compatible
: reconcile 3: appease ~ vi: to become friendly or agreeable syn see pacify
-- con.cil.i.a.tion n -- con.cil.i.a.tive adj -- con.cil.i.a.tor n -- con.ci
l.ia.to.ry adj
impropriety 1: an improper or indecorous act or remark; esp: an unacceptable
use of a word or of language 2: the quality or state of being improper
7. 【中文释义】
尽管爱尔兰口头文学在十六世纪后继续兴旺，但一个类似的流传却没有在视图艺术领域
发生：
所以我们现在是通过（他们的）语言文字而不是用视觉图象来认识爱尔兰文化。
【解题分析】
冒号表示重复，该句的冒号后出现的words即重复前文的literature, 而pictorial ima
gines显然是重复visual arts. 所以冒号后肯定了words，对应的前文应肯定literatur
e, 那么由冒号后否定了pictorial images可以推断出前文应否定visual arts, 第二空
格可选的表否定的词只有absent.
【重点词条】
tradition 1: an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, act
ion, or behavior (as a religious practice or a social custom) 2: the handing
down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example fr
om one generation to another without written instruction 3: cultural continu
ity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions 4: characteristic manner,
method, or style -- tra.di.tion.al adj -- tra.di.tion.al.ly adv -- tra.di.t
ion.less adj
lively 1 obs: living 2: briskly alert and energetic: vigorous, animated <a ~
discussion> <~ children racing for home> 3: active, intense <takes a ~ inte
rest in politics> 4: brilliant, fresh <a ~ wit> 5: imparting spirit or vivac
ity: stimulating <many a peer of England brews livelier liquor than the Muse
--A. E. Housman> 6: quick to rebound: resilient 7: responding readily to th
e helm <a ~ boat> 8: full of life, movement, or incident <~ streets at carni
val time> -- live.li.ly adv -- live.li.ness n -- lively adv
comparable 1: capable of or suitable for comparison 2: similar, like <fabric
s of ~ quality> -- com.pa.ra.ble.ness n -- com.pa.ra.bly adv
absent 1: not present or attending: missing 2: not existing: lacking <danger
in a situation where power is ~ --M. H. Trytten> 3: inattentive, preoccupie
d -- ab.sent.ly adv 2ab.sent vt (15c): to keep (oneself) away 3ab.sent prep
(1945): in the absence of: without
96年10月section 4
1. 【中文释义】
尽管销售自从去年开始一直持续增长，使人遗憾的是，增长速度放慢了。
【重点词条】
capitulate 1 archaic: parley, negotiate 2 a: to surrender often after negoti
ation of terms b: to cease resisting: acquiesce syn see yield
retaliate : to repay (as an injury) in kind ~ vi: to return like for like; e
sp: to get revenge. retaliate usu. implies a paying back of injury in exact
kind, often vengefully <the enemy retaliated by executing their prisoners> r
eciprocate implies a mutual or equivalent exchange or a paying back of what
one has received <reciprocated their hospitality by inviting them for a visi
t>.
2. 【中文释义】
尽管创作有新意并且独特的诗和戏剧的思维与创建和解释科学发明的思维毫无疑问地类
似，但
是这他们的创造者之间却有显著的差异。
【解题分析】
很巧妙的比较结构，请注意短语a discernible difference between它表明的是差级比
较，而上半句有是同样的比较双方，根据两套比较结构的出题规律：比较双方不变，比
较结果一定改变可以得出结论，上半句的比较结果应为没有difference, d的analogous
吻合。ETS越来越倾向于用隐含的比较结构（beyond, different, compared with）和同
级比较(to the same degree, as..as, similar to, analogous)来出题, 请记住这几个
短语。参照：94年2月section2 7th , 94年4月section1 5th, 95年10月 section6 2nd
.
【重点词条】
peripheral 1: of, relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or surface
part 2: of, relating to, or being part of the peripheral nervous system <~ n
erves> 3: of, relating to, or being the outer part of the field of vision <g
ood ~ vision> 4: auxiliary, supplementary <~ equipment>; also: of or relatin
g to computer peripherals -- pe.riph.er.al.ly adv 2peripheral n (1966): a de
vice connected to a computer to provide communication (as input and output)
or auxiliary functions (as additional storage)
contiguous 1: being in actual contact: touching along a boundary or at a poi
nt 2 of angles: adjacent 2 3: next or near in time or sequence 4: touching o
r connected throughout in an unbroken sequence <~ row houses> syn see adjace
nt -- con.tig.u.ous.ly adv -- con.tig.u.ous.ness n
analogous 1: showing an analogy or a likeness that permits one to draw an an
alogy 2: being or related to as an analogue syn see similar -- anal.o.gous.l
y adv -- anal.o.gous.ness n
inconsistent a: not compatible with another fact or claim <~ statements> b:
containing incompatible elements <an ~ argument> c: incoherent or illogical
in thought or actions: changeable d: not satisfiable by the same set of valu
es for the unknowns <~ equations> <~ inequalities> -- in.con.sis.tent.ly adv
3. 【中文释义】
令人失望的是，这个最新版的文献目录辜负了它长期的大全的声誉，因为它遗漏了一些
有关最
新出版物的条目。
【解题分析】
又是一道现在的动作证明了过去的某声誉为假的老题，类似的题目出现在科学家身上（
No.8 section3 3rd）, 出现在文学评论家身上（93年10月section5 7th）, 现在又到了
文献目录学身上。我很同情ETS, 他已经很难玩出什么新花样了。本题中第二空格是伤害
过去声誉的动作，a和e侯选，又需要时间对比前后反义词，e正确。
【重点词条】
imprecise not precise: inexact, vague -- im.pre.cise.ly adv -- im.pre.cise.n
ess n -- im.pre.ci.sion n
relevance 1 a: relation to the matter at hand b: practical and esp. social a
pplicability: pertinence <giving ~ to college courses> 2: the ability (as of
an information retrieval system) to retrieve material that satisfies the ne
eds of the user
timeliness 1time.ly adv (bef. 12c) 1 archaic: early, soon 2: in time: opport
unely <the question was not ... ~ raised in the state court --W. O. Douglas>
2timely adj time.li.er ; -est (13c) 1: coming early or at the right time: o
pportune 2: appropriate or adapted to the times or the occasion <a ~ book> -
- time.li.ness n
meticulousness : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or
treatment of details syn see careful -- me.tic.u.los.i.ty n -- me.tic.u.lou
s.ly adv -- me.tic.u.lous.ness n
exhaustiveness : testing all possibilities or considering all elements: thor
ough <conducted an ~ investigation> -- ex.haus.tive.ly adv -- ex.haus.tive.n
ess n -- ex.haus.tiv.i.ty n
4. 【中文释义】
尽管辛普森擅长于以做戏来表现自然而富有创造力，但在这骗术得背后，他对问题的解
决方案
却是僵化无灵气的。
【解题分析】
能大致构成转折的只有a 和b，如果知道contrive的词义的话，没有人会做错。而contr
ive与
spontaneous这两个词居然就是93年4月section3 3rd 的主考词。
【重点词条】
spontaneous 1: proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without ex
ternal constraint 2: arising from a momentary impulse 3: controlled and dire
cted internally: self-acting <~ movement characteristic of living things> 4:
produced without being planted or without human labor: indigenous 5: develo
ping without apparent external influence, force, cause, or treatment 6: not
apparently contrived or manipulated: natural -- spon.ta.ne.ous.ly adv -- spo
n.ta.ne.ous.ness n
syn spontaneous, impulsive, instinctive, automatic, mechanical mean acting o
r activated without deliberation. spontaneous implies lack of prompting and
connotes naturalness <a spontaneous burst of applause>. impulsive implies ac
ting under stress of emotion or spirit of the moment <impulsive acts of viol
ence>. instinctive stresses spontaneous action involving neither judgment no
r will <blinking is an instinctive reaction>. automatic implies action engag
ing neither the mind nor the emotions and connotes a predictable response <h
is denial was automatic>. mechanical stresses the lifeless, often perfunctor
y character of the response <a mechanical teaching method>.
contrive 1 a: devise, plan <~ ways of handling the situation> b: to form or
create in an artistic or ingenious manner <contrived household utensils from
stone> 2: to bring about by stratagem or with difficulty: manage ~ vi: to m
ake schemes -- con.triv.er n
decline 1 archaic: to turn from a straight course: stray 2 a: to slope downw
ard: descend b: to bend down: droop c: to stoop to what is unworthy 3 a of a
celestial body: to sink toward setting b: to draw toward a close: wane <the
day declined> 4: to tend toward an inferior state or weaker condition <his
health declined> 5: to withhold consent 6: to become less in amount <prices
declined> ~ vt 1: to give in prescribed order the grammatical forms of (a no
un, pronoun, or adjective) 2 obs a: avert b: avoid 3: to cause to bend or bo
w downward 4 a: to refuse to undertake, undergo, engage in, or comply with b
: to refuse esp. courteously <~ an invitation> -- de.clin.able adj -- de.cli
n.er n
syn decline, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn mean to turn away by not accep
ting, receiving, or considering. decline often implies courteous refusal esp
. of offers or invitations <declined his party's nomination>. refuse suggest
s more positiveness or ungraciousness and often implies the denial of someth
ing asked for <refused to lend them the money>. reject implies a peremptory
refusal by sending away or discarding <rejected the manuscript as unpublisha
ble>. repudiate implies a casting off or disowning as untrue, unauthorized,
or unworthy of acceptance <teenagers who repudiate the values of their paren
ts>. spurn stresses contempt or disdain in rejection or repudiation <spurned
his overtures of friendship>. 2decline n (14c) 1: the process of declining:
a: a gradual physical or mental sinking and wasting away b: a change to a l
ower state or level 2: the period during which something is deteriorating or
approaching its end 3: a downward slope: declivity 4: a wasting disease; es
p: pulmonary tuberculosis syn see deterioration
5. 【中文释义】
她被律师同行们批评，并不是因为她不勤奋，而是因为她如此详尽的准备案例以至于她
不能将
大家期待的数量的案例提交法庭审理。
【解题分析】
最有效的推理总是最直接的那个推理，此句中的so..that结构中包含了一个空格，所以
这一个
逻辑关系最直接，可由此逻辑直接推理得minutely. d正确。
【重点词条】
minutely 1: into very small pieces 2: in a minute manner or degree 2min.ute.
ly adj
versed :to familiarize by close association, study, or experience <well vers
ed in the theater>
knowledgeable :having or exhibiting knowledge or intelligence: keen -- knowl
.edge.abil.i.ty n --
knowl.edge.able.ness n -- knowl.edge.ably adv
congenial 1: having the same nature, disposition, or tastes: kindred 2 a: ex
isting or associated
together harmoniously b: pleasant; esp: agreeably suited to one's nature, ta
stes, or outlook c: sociable,
genial -- con.ge.nial.i.ty n -- con.ge.nial.ly adv
astute : having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity <an ~ observer> <~ re
marks>; also: crafty,
wily syn see shrewd -- as.tute.ly adv -- as.tute.ness n
6. 【中文释义】
史莱辛格最近采取了一种更加有利于和解的态度，这种态度不被他的同僚们所称赞，他
们继续
贬低妥协的态度。
【解题分析】
有continue to 这个短语时应该寻找过去的动作或状态，而上文又有一明显的提示rece
ntly, 故过去
的状态应和conciliatory相反，则应为拒绝妥协和解，这时第二空格可选c和e, c的两个
空格相
矛盾，e正确。
【重点词条】
eschew : to avoid habitually esp. on moral or practical grounds: shun syn se
e escape -- es.chew.al n
share 1 a: a portion belonging to, due to, or contributed by an individual o
r group b: one's full or fair portion 2 a: the part allotted or belonging to
one of a number owning together property or interest b: any of the equal po
rtions into which property or invested capital is divided; specif: any of th
e equal interests or rights into which the entire capital stock of a corpora
tion is divided and ownership of which is regularly evidenced by one or more
certificates c pl, chiefly Brit: stock 7c(1) 3share vb shared ; shar.ing vt
(1590) 1: to divide and distribute in shares: apportion--usu. used with out
or with 2 a: to partake of, use, experience, occupy, or enjoy with others b
: to have in common 3: to grant or give a share in ~ vi 1: to have a share--
used with in 2: to apportion and take shares of something -- shar.er n
syn share, participate, partake mean to have, get, or use in common with ano
ther or others. share implies that one as the original holder grants to anot
her the partial use, enjoyment, or possession of a thing though it may merel
y imply a mutual use or possession <shared my toys with the others>. partici
pate implies a having or taking part in an undertaking, activity, or discuss
ion <participated in sports>. partake implies accepting or acquiring a share
esp. of food or drink <partook freely of the refreshments>.
【中文释义】
国家档案馆贮存信息如此容易制造分裂，以至于众所周知，研究人员们永远都不会公开
发布，因为他们不能承受研究终止的结局。
【重点词条】
divisive : creating disunity or dissension -- di.vi.sive.ly adv -- di.vi.siv
e.ness n
publish vi 1: to put out an edition 2: to have one's work accepted for publi
cation -- pub.lish.able adj
seductive : tending to seduce: having alluring or tempting qualities <a ~, s
ometimes disingenuous man -
-Thatcher Freund> <a ~ spring morning> -- se.duc.tive.ly adv -- se.duc.tive.
ness n
--
过去太遥远，未来太迷茫。
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