发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: 陈圣元填空96年4月Section 1
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年09月01日17:48:10 星期六), 站内信件
96年4月Section 1
1.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】尽管科学家轻视这种思想,遗传代码的突发变异，即自发变异,为奇思异想
，但是有可能大自然会象某些音乐大师一样偶尔即兴演奏，远非所期待的，或可预料得
到的。
【解题分析】空格之后出现的一段分隔“departing from the expected or predictab
le ”显然是给空格提供答案的，五个选项中能表达出这个分隔的为B的improvises。故
正确答案为B。
【重点词条】
spontaneous 1: proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without ex
ternal constraint 2: arising from a momentary impulse 3: controlled and dire
cted internally: self-acting <~ movement characteristic of living things> 4:
produced without being planted or without human labor: indigenous 5: develo
ping without apparent external influence, force, cause, or treatment 6: not
apparently contrived or manipulated: natural -- spon.ta.ne.ous.ly adv -- spo
n.ta.ne.ous.ness n
syn spontaneous, impulsive, instinctive, automatic, mechanical mean acting o
r activated without deliberation. spontaneous implies lack of prompting and
connotes naturalness <a spontaneous burst of applause>. impulsive implies ac
ting under stress of emotion or spirit of the moment <impulsive acts of viol
ence>. instinctive stresses spontaneous action involving neither judgment no
r will <blinking is an instinctive reaction>. automatic implies action engag
ing neither the mind nor the emotions and connotes a predictable response <h
is denial was automatic>. mechanical stresses the lifeless, often perfunctor
y character of the response <a mechanical teaching method>.
improvise 1: to compose, recite, play, or sing extemporaneously 2: to make,
invent, or arrange offhand 3: to fabricate out of what is conveniently on ha
nd ~ vi: to improvise something -- im.pro.vis.er or im.pro.vi.sor n
harmonize 1: to play or sing in harmony 2: to be in harmony ~ vt 1: to bring
into consonance or accord 2: to provide or accompany with harmony -- har.mo
.ni.za.tion n -- har.mo.niz.er n
2.【正确答案】D
【中文释义】尽管时间，空间、历史和各种人类社会形态具有偶然性，但以上种种世界
却面临着相同的存在问题，并且得出了高度类似的解决方案，差别只是存在于琐碎的细
节之中。
【解题分析】由第二个空格之后的分隔“differing only in superficial details”可
知第二空格只能选A和D，并且D更好，因为分隔中指明仍存在一些细微的差异，而并非完
全identical。 由A和D的第一个词来看，构成转折的也为D，故正确答案为D。
【重点词条】
contingency 1: the quality or state of being contingent 2: a contingent even
t or condition: as a: an event (as an emergency) that may but is not certain
to occur <trying to provide for every ~> b: something liable to happen as a
n adjunct to or result of something else syn see juncture
identical 1: being the same: selfsame <the ~ place we stopped before> 2: hav
ing such close resemblance as to be essentially the same <~ hats>--often use
d with to or with 3 a: having the same cause or origin <~ infections> b: mon
ozygotic syn see same -- iden.ti.cal.ly adv -- iden.ti.cal.ness n
exigency 1: that which is required in a particular situation--usu. used in p
l. 2 a: the quality or state of being exigent b: a state of affairs that mak
es urgent demands <a leader must act in any sudden ~> syn see juncture
3.【正确答案】A
【中文释义】尽管他广为人知的是在他的公开行动中极端地拘谨沉默，但学者们发现他
的日记却是以非同一般的坦率的态度而写就的。
【解题分析】由转折关系可轻松得知两个空格应为一组反义词，分别表示他在公开行为
中和个人日记中的相反态度，五个选项构成一组反义词的选项为A，故A为正确答案。
【重点词条】
tenderness 1 a: having a soft or yielding texture: easily broken, cut, or da
maged: delicate, fragile <~ feet> b: easily chewed: succulent 2 a: physicall
y weak: not able to endure hardship b: immature, young <children of ~ years>
c: incapable of resisting cold: not hardy 3: marked by, responding to, or e
xpressing the softer emotions: fond, loving <a ~ lover> 4 a: showing care: c
onsiderate, solicitous <~ regard> b: highly susceptible to impressions or em
otions: impressionable <a ~ conscience> 5 a: appropriate or conducive to a d
elicate or sensitive constitution or character: gentle, mild <~ breeding> <~
irony> b: delicate or soft in quality or tone <never before heard the piano
sound so ~ --Elva S. Daniels> 6 obs: dear, precious 7 a: sensitive to touch
or palpation <the bruise was still ~> b: sensitive to injury or insult: tou
chy <~ pride> c: demanding careful and sensitive handling: ticklish <a ~ sit
uation> d of a ship: crank -- ten.der.ly adv -- ten.der.ness n
vagueness 1 a: not clearly expressed: stated in indefinite terms <~ accusati
on> b: not having a precise meaning <~ term of abuse> 2 a: not clearly defin
ed, grasped, or understood: indistinct <only a ~ notion of what's needed>; a
lso: slight <a ~ hint of a thickening waistline> <hasn't the vaguest idea> b
: not clearly felt or sensed: somewhat subconscious <a ~ longing> 3: not thi
nking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely <~ about dates and p
laces> 4: lacking expression: vacant 5: not sharply outlined: hazy syn see o
bscure -- vague.ly adv -- vague.ness n
withdrawn 1: removed from immediate contact or easy approach: isolated 2: so
cially detached and unresponsive: exhibiting withdrawal: introverted -- with
.drawn.ness n
subtlety 1: the quality or state of being subtle 2: something subtle
4.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】由于科学知识日新月异的发展，教科书新版本的编辑工作在原作之后不久
就开始了。
【解题分析】句中的with是填空中一再出现的表示因果或条件关系的连词，此文中的wi
th表因果，因此我们阅读时要注意寻找上下句的关系，事实上本句中除了将scientific
knowledge和下句的textbook联系起来之外，上下句几乎无法找到任何相关联之处，所
以思路中应将 scientific knowledge 和textbook等同起来，事实上教科书就是记述科
学知识的，所以教科书的不停更新就代表着科学知识的不断更新，故空格应填科学的“
更新”，正确答案为E。
【重点词条】
burgeon 1 a: to send forth new growth (as buds or branches): sprout b: bloom
2: to grow and expand rapidly: flourish
culmination 1: the action of culminating 2: culminating position: climax syn
see summit
5.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】她在商业事务中非常节省，但在她的个人生活中却展示出一系列的挥霍行
为。
【解题分析】文中的in mattes of business与in her private life显然是一组反义的
状语，相应地，空格应与上文的frugal相反义，故正确答案为E。
【重点词条】
streak 1: a line or mark of a different color or texture from the ground: st
ripe 2 a: the color of the fine powder of a mineral obtained by scratching o
r rubbing against a hard white surface and constituting an important disting
uishing character b: inoculum implanted in a line on a solid medium c: any o
f several virus diseases of plants (as the potato, tomato, or raspberry) res
embling mosaic but usu. producing at least some linear markings 3 a: a narro
w band of light b: a lightning bolt 4 a: a slight admixture: trace <had a me
an ~ in him> b: a brief run (as of luck) c: a consecutive series <was on a w
inning ~> 5: a narrow layer (as of ore) 6: an act or instance of streaking 2
streak vt (1595): to make streaks on or in <tears ~ing her face> ~ vi 1: to
move swiftly: rush <a jet ~ing across the sky> 2: to have a streak (as of wi
nning or outstanding performances) 3: to run naked through a public place --
streak.er n
misanthropy : a hatred or distrust of mankind
equanimity 1: evenness of mind esp. under stress 2: right disposition: balan
ce
syn equanimity, composure, sangfroid mean evenness of mind under stress. equ
animity suggests a habit of mind that is only rarely disturbed under great s
train <accepted her troubles with equanimity>. composure implies the control
ling of emotional or mental agitation by an effort of will or as a matter of
habit <maintaining his composure even under hostile questioning>. sangfroid
implies great coolness and steadiness under strain <handled the situation w
ith professional sangfroid>.
6.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】如果政府最新的预算问题是反常的，这样做，也即在避免未来岁月中的目
光短浅的财政计划的会出现的必然后果的努力中利用它们作为启迪性的例子，是无益的
。
【解题分析】全句为一条件结果句结构，好的条件导致好的结果，坏的条件导致坏的结
果。该句中的结果已经明确指明为“not useful”，故第一个空格应为贬义词，可以候
选的只有C，故C为正确答案。
【重点词条】
exceptional 1: forming an exception: rare <an ~ number of rainy days> 2: bet
ter than average: superior <~ skill> 3: deviating from the norm: as a: havin
g above or below average intelligence b: physically handicapped -- ex.cep.ti
on.al.i.ty n -- ex.cep.tion.al.ness n
solvable : susceptible of solution or of being solved, resolved, or explaine
d -- solv.abil.i.ty n
illuminate 1 a: to enlighten spiritually or intellectually b (1): to supply
or brighten with light (2): to make luminous or shining c archaic: to set al
ight d: to subject to radiation 2: to make clear: elucidate 3: to make illus
trious or resplendent 4: to decorate (as a manuscript) with gold or silver o
r brilliant colors or with often elaborate designs or miniature pictures --
il.lu.mi.nat.ing.ly adv -- il.lu.mi.na.tor n 3il.lu.mi.nate n (1600) archaic
: one having or claiming unusual enlightenment
7.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】正如一些作家对于语言的表达能力感到绝望一样，Giacometti为艺术表达
现实的失败而痛苦不堪。
【解题分析】该句所讲述的观点与NO6第三套section 4中的第7题的观点是一模一样的，
大家可以将这个观点记忆到脑海中，这是ETS的另外一个固定观点。在解题时应注意到两
个常见的解题点，其一是just as表示了上下句的同义重复，其二是上半句中的express
与下半句中的convey为同义重复，从而可知“艺术表达现实”也即上句“语言表达现实
”，从而知上半句中的“语言表达现实”也应该是失败的，故可选C和E或A，第二个词应
继续完成上下文的这个同义重复含义，故E为正确答案。
【重点词条】
abjure 1 a: to renounce upon oath b: to reject solemnly 2: to abstain from:
avoid <~ extravagance> -- ab.jur.er n
syn abjure, renounce, forswear, recant, retract mean to withdraw one's word
or professed belief. abjure implies a firm and final rejecting or abandoning
often made under oath <abjured the errors of his former faith>. renounce of
ten equals abjure but may carry the meaning of disclaim or disown <renounced
abstract art and turned to portrait painting>. forswear may add to abjure a
n implication of perjury or betrayal <I cannot forswear my principles>. reca
nt stresses the withdrawing or denying of something professed or taught <if
they recant they will be spared>. retract applies to the withdrawing of a pr
omise, an offer, or an accusation <the newspaper had to retract its allegati
ons against the mayor>.
exemplify 1: to show or illustrate by example 2: to make an attested copy or
transcript of (a document) under seal 3 a: to be an instance of or serve as
an example: embody b: to be typical of
bewail 1: to wail over 2: to express deep sorrow for usu. by wailing and lam
entation <wringing her hands and ~ing her fate> syn see deplore
96年4月section 5
1.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】尽管事实上将动物的生命周期分为诸如幼年期，青壮期和衰老期这样的离
散的阶段是很方便的，但这些时段并不是真正的截然分开的。
【解题分析】下句中的periods重复上句中的stages，上句中用separate修饰stages，下
句转折后应否定separate，故正确答案为E。
【重点词条】
prenatal 1: occurring, existing, or performed before birth <~ care> <the ~ p
eriod> 2: providing or receiving prenatal medical care <a ~ clinic> <~ patie
nts> -- pre.na.tal.ly adv
senescent 1: the state of being old: the process of becoming old 2: the grow
th phase in a plant or plant part (as a leaf) from full maturity to death --
se.nes.cent adj
2.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】尽管自从1850年以来被汇报的火山爆发的数目呈指数上升，但这并不表示
火山活动增加，相反却表明了更加广泛和系统化的记录手段。
【解题分析】第二个空格的形容词与widespread并列，表示一种好的记录方法，故可选
A、B。而第一个空格又与后文构成转折，故选A。
【重点词条】
exponential 1: of or relating to an exponent 2: involving a variable in an e
xponent 3: expressible or approximately expressible by an exponential functi
on; esp: characterized by or being an extremely rapid increase (as in size o
r extent) <an ~ growth rate> -- ex.po.nen.tial.ly adv
abate 1 a: to put an end to <~ a nuisance> b: nullify <~ a writ> 2 a: to red
uce in degree or intensity: moderate b: to reduce in value or amount: make l
ess esp. by way of relief <~ a tax> 3: deduct, omit <~ part of the price> 4
a: to beat down or cut away so as to leave a figure in relief b obs: blunt 5
: deprive ~ vi 1: to decrease in force or intensity 2 a: to become defeated
or become null or void b: to decrease in amount or value -- abat.er n
syn abate, subside, wane, ebb mean to die down in force or intensity. abate
stresses the idea of progressive diminishing <the storm abated>. subside imp
lies the ceasing of turbulence or agitation <the protests subsided after a f
ew days>. wane suggests the fading or weakening of something good or impress
ive <waning enthusiasm>. ebb suggests the receding of something (as the tide
) that commonly comes and goes <the ebbing of daylight>. syn see in addition
decrease
meticulous : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or tre
atment of details syn see careful -- me.tic.u.los.i.ty n -- me.tic.u.lous.ly
adv -- me.tic.u.lous.ness n
3.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】诠释在政治压迫政体下写作而成的小说的挑战存在于区分哪些是作者的信
仰本身固有的部分，与之对立的是哪些是由政治压力所强加的部分。
【解题分析】由第二个空格后的by短语可轻松得知空格的动词应为coerce。五个选项中
与coerce同义的是B。答案E的demanded也可勉强入选。再结合第一个空格判断，organi
c和peripheral为反义词，正确的为organic，因为两个what从句之间又为对比关系。B正
确地表达了这个关系，故正确答案为B。
【重点词条】
innate 1: existing in, belonging to, or determined by factors present in an
individual from birth: native, inborn <~ behavior> 2: belonging to the essen
tial nature of something: inherent 3: originating in or derived from the min
d or the constitution of the intellect rather than from experience -- in.nat
e.ly adv -- in.nate.ness n
syn innate, inborn, inbred, congenital, hereditary mean not acquired after b
irth. innate applies to qualities or characteristics that are part of one's
inner essential nature <an innate sense of fair play>. inborn suggests a qua
lity or tendency either actually present at birth or so marked and deep-seat
ed as to seem so <her inborn love of nature>. inbred suggests something eith
er acquired from parents by heredity or so deeply rooted and ingrained as to
seem acquired in that way <inbred political loyalties>. congenital and here
ditary refer to what is acquired before or at birth, the former applying to
things acquired during fetal development and the latter applying to things t
ransmitted from one's ancestors <a congenital heart condition> <eye color is
hereditary>.
oblique 1 a: neither perpendicular nor parallel: inclined b: having the axis
not perpendicular to the base <an ~ cone> c: having no right angle <an ~ tr
iangle> 2 a: not straightforward: indirect; also: obscure b: devious, underh
anded 3: situated obliquely and having one end not inserted on bone <~ muscl
es> 4: taken from an airplane with the camera directed horizontally or diago
nally downward <an ~ photograph> -- oblique.ly adv -- oblique.ness n 2obliqu
e n (ca. 1608) 1: something (as a line) that is oblique 2: any of several ob
lique muscles; esp: any of the thin flat muscles forming the middle and oute
r layers of the lateral walls of the abdomen 3oblique adv (1667): at a 45 de
gree angle <to the right ~, march>
peripheral 1: of, relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or surface
part 2: of, relating to, or being part of the peripheral nervous system <~ n
erves> 3: of, relating to, or being the outer part of the field of vision <g
ood ~ vision> 4: auxiliary, supplementary <~ equipment>; also: of or relatin
g to computer peripherals -- pe.riph.er.al.ly adv 2peripheral n (1966): a de
vice connected to a computer to provide communication (as input and output)
or auxiliary functions (as additional storage)
4.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】我总是为自己本身对别人的愚蠢行为的容忍态度而吃惊；更难于理解的是
他们也非常愚时地同样致力于认同我的愚蠢行为。
【解题分析】由文中的equally可知上下句的动作是相同的，故第一个空格应填上put u
p with的同义词，答案为E。而第二个空格又应当与impress为同义词。
【重点词条】
idiocy 1: extreme mental retardation commonly due to incomplete or abnormal
development of the brain 2: something notably stupid or foolish
folly
put up with : to endure or tolerate without complaint or attempt at reprisal
exasperation 1: the state of being exasperated 2: the act or an instance of
exasperating
5.【正确答案】A
【中文释义】尽管有强劲的狡辨，这十多岁小孩脸上露齿一笑的表情揭穿了她的否认，
即她在这个恶作剧实施在她的父母亲身上之前已经知道了这个恶作剧。
【解题分析】很有趣的句子。 despite表明全句为转折句。上句的protestation就是下
句的denial 的同义词，故下句应否定denial以构成转折“尽管一再辨解，但脸上的表情
却揭穿了辨解”。空格中应填上一个否定denial的词，故正确答案为A。
【重点词条】
trivialize : to make trivial: reduce to triviality -- triv.i.al.i.za.tion n
6.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】并没有消除掉永恒衰落的形象，这个俗的雕像看上去反而成了它凋零的周
围景观的象征。
【解题分析】由句首状语即可知，这个雕像未起到好的作用，故此雕像为一“不好”的
雕像，第一个空格应为贬义词，相应地第二个空格也应为贬义词，据此即可知E秋正确答
案。
【重点词条】
indecorous : not decorous: conflicting with accepted standards of good condu
ct or good taste -- in.de.co.rous.ly adv -- in.de.co.rous.ness n
opulent : exhibiting or characterized by opulence: as a: having a large esta
te or property: wealthy <hoping to marry an ~ widow> b: amply or plentifully
provided or fashioned often to the point of ostentation <living in ~ comfor
t> syn see rich -- op.u.lent.ly adv
ramshackle 1: appearing ready to collapse: rickety 2: carelessly or loosely
constructed
pretentious 1: characterized by pretension: as a: making usu. unjustified or
excessive claims (as of value or standing) <the ~ fraud who assumes a love
of culture that is alien to him --Richard Watts> b: expressive of affected,
unwarranted, or exaggerated importance, worth, or stature <~ language> <~ ho
uses> 2: making demands on one's skill, ability, or means: ambitious <the ~
daring of the Green Mountain Boys in crossing the lake --Amer. Guide Series:
Vt.> syn see showy -- pre.ten.tious.ly adv -- pre.ten.tious.ness n
ungainly 1 a: lacking in smoothness or dexterity: clumsy b: hard to handle:
unwieldy 2: having an awkward appearance: ugly -- un.gain.li.ness n
blighte 1 a: a disease or injury of plants resulting in withering, cessation
of growth, and death of parts without rotting b: an organism that causes bl
ight 2: something that frustrates plans or hopes 3: something that impairs o
r destroys 4: a deteriorated condition <urban ~> 2blight vt (1695) 1: to aff
ect (as a plant) with blight 2: to cause to deteriorate ~ vi: to suffer from
or become affected with blight
tawdry : cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality; also: ignoble syn see gau
dy -- taw.dri.ly adv -- taw.dri.ness n 2tawdry n (ca. 1680): cheap showy fin
ery
7.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】尽管几乎已经是广为禁止，但契约若役的行为仍然在世界的许多地区存在
。
【解题分析】文中的it即批代下句中的the practice。由转折关系可知第一空与第二倾
家荡产格为一组反义词，故正确答案为C。
【重点词条】
abate 1 a: to put an end to <~ a nuisance> b: nullify <~ a writ> 2 a: to red
uce in degree or intensity: moderate b: to reduce in value or amount: make l
ess esp. by way of relief <~ a tax> 3: deduct, omit <~ part of the price> 4
a: to beat down or cut away so as to leave a figure in relief b obs: blunt 5
: deprive ~ vi 1: to decrease in force or intensity 2 a: to become defeated
or become null or void b: to decrease in amount or value -- abat.er n
syn abate, subside, wane, ebb mean to die down in force or intensity. abate
stresses the idea of progressive diminishing <the storm abated>. subside imp
lies the ceasing of turbulence or agitation <the protests subsided after a f
ew days>. wane suggests the fading or weakening of something good or impress
ive <waning enthusiasm>. ebb suggests the receding of something (as the tide
) that commonly comes and goes <the ebbing of daylight>. syn see in addition
decrease
proscribe 1: to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful: prohibit 2: to pub
lish the name of as condemned to death with the property of the condemned fo
rfeited to the state -- pro.scrib.er
mandate 1: an authoritative command; esp: a formal order from a superior cou
rt or official to an inferior one 2: an authorization to act given to a repr
esentative <accepted the ~ of the people> 3 a: an order or commission grante
d by the League of Nations to a member nation for the establishment of a res
ponsible government over a former German colony or other conquered territory
b: a mandated territory 2mandate vt man.dat.ed ; man.dat.ing (1919) 1: to a
dminister or assign (as a territory) under a mandate 2: to make mandatory: o
rder; also: direct, require
intervene 1: to occur, fall, or come between points of time or events 2: to
enter or appear as an irrelevant or extraneous feature or circumstance 3: to
come in or between by way of hindrance or modification <~ to stop a fight>
4: to occur or lie between two things 5 a: to become a third party to a lega
l proceeding begun by others for the protection of an alleged interest b: to
interfere usu. by force or threat of force in another nation's internal aff
airs esp. to compel or prevent an action or to maintain or alter a condition
syn see interpose -- in.ter.ven.tion n
--
过去太遥远，未来太迷茫。
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