发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: 陈圣元填空98年4月section 1
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年09月01日17:57:21 星期六), 站内信件
98年4月section 1
1．【中文释义】尽管很多十九世纪的俄罗斯作曲家支持新出现的民族风格，但其他作曲
家并不放弃传统的俄罗斯音乐风格，相反扩增了传统西欧浪漫音乐语言的数量。
【解题分析】many Russian composers和other composers构成对比，故上句为 contri
buted to emerging national style 简单理解为“支持新事物”，而下句为idiomatic
Russian musical elements 简单理解为"传统的老的事物”，与上句对比，可以选c,d
。第二空格是分隔结构，重复前文的“不反对老事物”，又由于它的宾语是“traditio
nal musical vocabulary"故应该填“支持老事物”以重复前文，答案选d。请注意原文
中的emerging ,idiomatic,traditimal的三次转换。
【重点词条】idiomatic 1: of, relating to, or conforming to idiom 2: peculiar
to a particular group, individual, or style -- id.i.o.mat.i.cal.ly adv -- i
d.i.o.mat.ic.ness n
emerging 1: to become manifest 2: to rise from or as if from an enveloping f
luid: come out into view 3: to rise from an obscure or inferior position or
condition 4: to come into being through evolution
contribute 1: to give or supply in common with others 2: to supply (as an ar
ticle) for a publication ~ vi 1 a: to give a part to a common fund or store
b: to play a significant part in bringing about an end or result 2: to submi
t articles to a publication -- con.trib.u.tor n
2．【中文释义】因为画家阿尔伯特.皮郝姆.雷达沉浸在他对完美的追求中，所以他很少
对一幅画满意，总是在同一张帆布上创作出同一个场景的无休无止的不同表达，一个覆
盖着另外一个。
【解题分析】第二空格后为分隔结构，重复第二空格的内容，意为一次又一次地重新画
一个场景，可以得出他对刚完成的画立刻不满意，又重新画一遍这个推论，故选a。
【重点词条】obsess obsessus, pp. of obsidere to frequent, besiege, fr. ob- a
gainst + sedere to sit--more at ob-, sit] vt (1531): to haunt or excessively
preoccupy the mind of <was ~ed with the idea> ~ vi: to engage in obsessive
thinking: become obsessed with an idea
3.【中文释义】客观公正的标准可以起到对医生的保护伞的作用，为他们提供当遭受不
公正的误诊控告时的保护措施。
【解题分析】providing是分隔结构，重复前文它的逻辑主语是objectively set stand
ards 故可以理解为“客观的衡量标准为医生提供了一个”。请注意空格动词的宾语是u
njustified malpractice.正好出现了“unjustified”这个objective的反义词。故问题
迎刃而解，客观公正的标准当然反对不公正的指控，故选e。
【重点词条】claim 1 a: to ask for esp. as a right <~ed the inheritance> b: t
o call for: require <this matter ~s our attention> c: take 16b <the accident
~ed her life> 2: to take as the rightful owner <went to ~ their bags at the
station> 3 a: to assert in the face of possible contradiction: maintain <~e
d that he'd been cheated> b: to claim to have <organization ... which ~s 11,
000 ... members --Rolling Stone> c: to assert to be rightfully one's own <~e
d responsibility for the attack>
safeguard 1 a: pass, safe-conduct b: convoy, escort 2 a: a precautionary mea
sure, stipulation, or device b: a technical contrivance to prevent accident
2safeguard vt (15c) 1: to provide a safeguard for 2: to make safe: protect s
yn see defend
4．【中文释义】尽管报纸的评论无精打采，这次戏剧演出却被热情的观众们从被人遗忘
中拯救出来，这些观众的洞察力总是强于那些评论家。
【解题分析】第二个空格的by 短语是一个常见的解题点，热情的听众永远热情，当然不
会淡忘这部分作品，故可选a,c,e。后半句的比较结构实际上就在提示着评论家和观众是
对立的，所以第一空格填评论家们的态度，当然应该填不好的态度，c正确。
【重点词条】acumen n [L acumin-, acumen, lit., point, fr. acuere] (ca. 1580)
: keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination esp. in p
ractical matters: shrewdness syn see discernment
lukewarm 1: moderately warm: tepid 2: lacking conviction: halfhearted -- luk
e.warm.ly adv -- luke.warm.ness n
lackluster adj (1600): lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality: dull, medi
ocre -- lackluster n
5.【中文释义】爱和傲慢的情绪通常会在同一人身上发现，但却毫无共同之处。即使不
是相互摧毁，它们通常也是相互削弱的。
【解题分析】having little in common是其后句子的句首状语，应该修饰谓语动词，故
选d ，答案b错在和紧随其后的分隔相冲突。
【重点词条】embrase 1 a: to clasp in the arms: hug b: cherish, love 2: encir
cle, enclose 3 a: to take up esp. readily or gladly <~ a cause> b: to avail
oneself of: welcome <embraced the opportunity to study further> 4 a: to take
in or include as a part, item, or element of a more inclusive whole <charit
y ~s all acts that contribute to human welfare> b: to be equal or equivalent
to <his assets embraced $10> ~ vi: to participate in an embrace syn see ado
pt, include -- embrace.able adj -- em.brace.ment n -- em.brac.er n -- em.bra
c.ing.ly adv 2embrace n (1592) 1: a close encircling with the arms and press
ure to the bosom esp. as a sign of affection: hug 2: grip, encirclement <in
the ~ of terror> 3: acceptance <her ~ of new ideas>
passion n [ME, fr. OF, fr. LL passion-, passio suffering, being acted upon,
fr. L pati to suffer--more at patient] (13c) 1 often cap a: the sufferings o
f Christ between the night of the Last Supper and his death b: an oratorio b
ased on a gospel narrative of the Passion 2 obs: suffering 3: the state or c
apacity of being acted on by external agents or forces 4 a (1): emotion <his
ruling ~ is greed> (2) pl: the emotions as distinguished from reason b: int
ense, driving, or overmastering feeling or conviction c: an outbreak of ange
r 5 a: ardent affection: love b: a strong liking or desire for or devotion t
o some activity, object, or concept c: sexual desire d: an object of desire
or deep interest -- pas.sion.less adj
annihilate1 a: to cause to be of no effect: nullify b: to destroy the substa
nce or force of 2: to regard as of no consequence 3: to cause to cease to ex
ist; esp: kill 4 a: to destroy a considerable part of <bombs annihilated the
city> b: to vanquish completely: rout <annihilated the visitors 56-0> ~ vi,
of a particle and its antiparticle: to vanish or cease to exist by coming t
ogether and changing into other forms of energy (as radiation or particles)
-- an.ni.hi.la.tion n -- an.ni.hi.la.tor n -- an.ni.hi.la.to.ry adj
6【中文释义】建立观察时所需的分类目录的必然性往往会导致一个企图来作绝对的分类
，而现实中往往只是渐变现象。
【解题分析】leads to 这个短语在No.7第一套section 1的第六题就出现过，与这一题
的考法完全一致，continue,remain ,lead to都会产生同义词; become,trasition,cha
nge都会导致反义词。应该将discrete填到第一空格，答案为c。
【重点词条】discrete 1: constituting a separate entity: individually distinc
t 2 a: consisting of distinct or unconnected elements: noncontinuous b: taki
ng on or having a finite or countably infinite number of values <~ probabili
ties> <a ~ random variable> syn see distinct -- dis.crete.ly adv
digression ) 1: the act or an instance of digressing in a discourse or other
usu. organized literary work 2 archaic: a going aside -- di.gres.sion.al ad
j -- di.gres.sion.ary adj
gradation 1 a: a series forming successive stages b: a step or place in an o
rdered scale 2: an advance by regular degrees 3: a gradual passing from one
tint or shade to another 4: the act or process of grading 5: ablaut -- gra.d
a.tion.al adj -- gra.da.tion.al.ly adv
ambiguity 1 a: the quality or state of being ambiguous esp. in meaning b: an
ambiguous word or expression 2: uncertainty
7．【中文释义】在phaistos的Minoan 遗址所发现的独特的泥板通常被学者们举证为最
早的印刷的例子，这些学者支持这泥板（第一块印刷品）的权利，尽管有很多同等的观
点支持其它印刷的人工制品。
【解题分析】by的解题方法又一次出现，by 前要填学者的动作，而by后告诉这个动作"
defened its claim to this status"。its指代的是clay disk, claim的意思是“特性
”, this status 指上文的"as the earliest example", 故下句明确说明学者们defen
d即支持clay disk 具有这种特征。所以上句仍应为学者们认可支持这种看法。事实上d
espite之后说得更明确，转折之后支持other printing artifacts, 所以上文的学者当
然是支持上文的clay disk为earliest example.正确答案为c。
【重点词条】adduce : to offer as example, reason, or proof in discussion or
analysis -- ad.duc.er n
concede 1: to grant as a right or privilege 2 a: to accept as true, valid, o
r accurate <the right of the state to tax is generally conceded> b: to ackno
wledge grudgingly or hesitantly ~ vi: to make concession: yield syn see gran
t -- con.ced.ed.ly adv -- con.ced.er n
98年4月section 4
1．【中文释义】违反道德准则的惩罚比遵守道德准则的奖励更普遍，因此，遵守准则在
社会中总是不被人注意。
【解题分析】分号句上句谈到了破坏和遵守道德准则两种行为，所以分号句下半句重复
时，只有这两种可能性，可选b,d ,e；d 和e这两个选项都是讲破坏道德准则，所以应该
遭受到惩罚，而第二个选项都未能表达出这个意思，b选项表达只遵守准则但却不受到表
扬，也就是unnoticed. 正确答案是b。
2【中文释义】同情心是对正义的一个巨大的关怀：我们往往同情那些遭受无辜苦难的人
。
【解题分析】冒号后表示重复，pity即重复上文的compassion ,空格应该针对justise这
个概念，故选e。
【重点词条】unwittingly 1: not knowing: unaware <kept the truth from their ~
friends> 2: not intended: inadvertent <an ~ mistake> -- un.wit.ting.ly adv
vicariously 1 a: serving instead of someone or something else b: that has be
en delegated <~ authority> 2: performed or suffered by one person as a subst
itute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another: substitutionary
<a ~ sacrifice> 3: experienced or realized through imaginative or sympathet
ic participation in the experience of another 4: occurring in an unexpected
or abnormal part of the body instead of the usual one <bleeding from the gum
s sometimes occurs in the absence of the normal discharge from the uterus in
~ menstruation> -- vi.car.i.ous.ly adv -- vi.car.i.ous.ness n
3【中文释义】他的论文最好地展示了他对系统研究方法的鄙夷不屑，他的论文被广为反
对主要就是因为他的参考书籍最多只是构成了对这个领域的主要著作的随机的研究。
【解题分析】分析主干可知空格应和disdain for a systematic approach吻合，答案为
e。
【重点词条】meticulous : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consider
ation or treatment of details syn see careful -- me.tic.u.los.i.ty n -- me.t
ic.u.lous.ly adv -- me.tic.u.lous.ness n
haphazard : chance 2haphazard adj (1671): marked by lack of plan, order, or
direction syn see random -- haphazard adv -- hap.haz.ard.ly adv -- hap.haz.a
rd.ness n -- hap.haz.ard.ry n
4【中文释义】与人们过去对待儿童学习语言行为的漠不关心构成了强烈的对比，这种学
习发生的过程现在已经成为仔细研究的对象。
【解题分析】第一空格后的with和regard构成词组regard with, 故第一空格填某种态度
，第二空格填一种相反态度。构成一组相反态度的为b。
【重点词条】acquisition 1: the act of acquiring 2: something acquired or gai
ned -- ac.qui.si.tion.al adj -- ac.quis.i.tor n
scrutiny 1: a searching study, inquiry, or inspection: examination 2: a sear
ching look 3: close watch: surveillance
5【中文释义】这位议员的声明 她对是否参加第二届连任竞选仍未下决心 是很可信的，
考虑到她的竞选委员会的极为冷淡的集资活动。
【解题分析】given 表示因果关系，答案为 d 。
【重点词条】clandestine : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy: sur
reptitious syn see secret -- clan.des.tine.ly adv -- clan.des.tine.ness n --
clan.des.tin.i.ty n
apathetic 1: having or showing little or no feeling or emotion: spiritless 2
: having little or no interest or concern: indifferent syn see impassive --
ap.a.thet.i.cal.ly adv
straight.for.ward adj (1806) 1 a: free from evasiveness or obscurity: exact,
candid <a ~ account> b: clear-cut, precise 2: proceeding in a straight cour
se or manner: direct, undeviating -- straight.for.ward.ly adv -- straight.fo
r.ward.ness n 2straightforward also straight.for.wards adv (1809): in a stra
ightforward manner enerdetic
6【中文释义】直到最近，对糖尿病的研究一直作为一种抑制疾病的手段，尝试改进治疗
效果，主要因为根本没有预防性的方案看上去是可行的。
【解题分析】as a kind of holding action修饰下文，holding action为抑制作用的意
思。与下文的 preventive strategy相比：一个是疾病发生前的预防措施，另一个则应
为疾病发生后的抑制疾病危害的治疗手段。第一空格为 d 。
【重点词条】
1hold
hold back vt (1535) 1: to hinder the progress or achievement of: restrain 2:
to refrain from revealing or parting with ~ vi 1: to keep oneself in check
2: to refrain from revealing or parting with something
hold-down n (1888) 1: something used to fasten an object in place 2 a: an ac
t of holding down b: limit <agreed to wage-rate ~s>
hold down vt (1533) 1: to keep within limits <hold the noise down> 2: to ass
ume the responsibility for <holding down two jobs>
hold off vt (15c) 1: to block from an objective: delay 2: to defer action on
: postpone 3: to fight to a standoff: withstand ~ vi: to defer or temporaril
y stop doing something
hold over vi (1647): to continue (as in office) for a prolonged period ~ vt
1 a: postpone, defer b: to retain in a condition or position from an earlier
period 2: to prolong the engagement of <the film was held over another week
>
hold up vt (1851) 1: to rob at gunpoint 2: delay, impede 3: to call attentio
n to: single out <his work was held up to ridicule> <hold this up as perfect
ion --Times Lit. Supp.> ~ vi: to continue in the same condition without fail
ing or losing effectiveness or force <you seem to be holding up under the st
rain>
hold on vi (13c) 1 a: to maintain a condition or position: persist b: to mai
ntain a grasp on something: hang on 2: to await something (as a telephone co
nnection) desired or requested; broadly: wait -- hold on to : to maintain po
ssession of or adherence to
hold out vi (1585) 1: to remain unsubdued or operative: continue to cope or
function 2: to refuse to go along with others in a concerted action or to co
me to an agreement <holding out for a shorter workweek> ~ vt 1: to present a
s something realizable: proffer 2: to represent to be -- hold out on : to wi
thhold something (as information) from
7【中文释义】大多数植物在地理分布上展示了不连续性：通常一个物种可以在很大的地
理区域中找到，但是在那个地域范围内，一个个植物群落却是非常分散的。
【解题分析】第一空格后的介词短语为in their geographical distribution，故空格
中所填的词为某种分布特征，进一步可知冒号后应从分布特征的角度去阅读。冒号前后
表达的分布特征相同的是答案a。
【重点词条】uniformity 1: the quality or state of being uniform 2: an instan
ce of uniformity
--
过去太遥远，未来太迷茫。
※ 来源:·哈工大紫丁香 bbs.hit.edu.cn·[FROM: 202.118.170.208]