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标 题: 托福考试词汇向导（ 之二）
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年02月27日13:11:00 星期二), 站内信件
托福考试词汇向导（ 之二）
Unit 6
blush v.害羞;脸红 [ME<OE blyscan]
bluster v.狂吹;咆哮 [16th c.: ult. imit.]
bode v.预示 [OE bodian<boda messenger送信的人,信差,报信者]
bog n.沼泽;泥塘
boggle v.n.惊跳;畏缩不前 [prob<dial boggle BOGEY(高尔夫)以高于标准杆数(par)一
杆入<洞> BOGY 似沼泽的;多沼泽的 BOG] [湿地,沼泽 陷于泥淖;变得动弹不得]
bogus a.假的;伪造的 [19th-c. US word]
boisterous a.喧闹的 [var of ME boistous]
bolster v.支持;援助;垫木 [20th c.: orig. uncert.]
bolt n.闩门;螺钉脱党 [ME<OF bulter, bulete]
bombardment n.炮击 [bombard 炮轰;轰炸 The artillery ~ed the enemy all day 炮
兵终日炮轰敌人;质问 med.L bombarda a] [stone-throwing engine: BOMB]
bombastic a.夸大的 [earlier bombace cotton wool<F<medL bombax -acis alt<bomb
yx; bombast大话;夸大的]
bonanza n.富矿带;幸运物;幸运 [orig US<Sp, = fair weather,<L bonus good]
bondage n.奴役;囚禁 [ME<AL bondagium: infl by BOND 束缚;连结物;盟约;联盟]
bonfire n.(庆祝或信号)大沟火;火 [earlier bonefire <BONE (bones being the chi
ef material formerly used) + FIRE]
bonnet n.妇女帽;共谋者 [ME<OF bonet short for chapel de bonet cap of some ki
nd of material(medL bonetus)]
bonny a.美丽的;健康的 [16th c: perh<F bon good =bonnie]
bonus n.奖金;分红;退还款项 [L bonus, bonum good (thing)]
boom v.n.响声;忽然兴隆;宣传 [Du., = BEAM n.]
booming a.景气的;受欢迎的;隆隆响 [~ toy sales 日趋兴隆的玩具销售]
boon n.恩惠;愉快的;温和的 [ME (orig. = jolly, congenial) <OF bon <L bonus go
od]
boor n.农民;乡下人;粗野的人 [LG bur or Du boer farmer: cf BOWER =Boer booris
h粗野的]
boost v.推动 [booster 援助者;升压机;推进器]
booth n.摊棚;电话亭 [ME<Scand.]
bootless a.无用的 [OE botleas(BOOT, LESS)BOOT(<OE "利益")to boot 另外,加之,而
且 (常~s) 长靴,长统鞋,半长 靴],[高腰鞋 5(the ~)(俚)解雇,革职,开革]
booze v.酒宴;饮酒 [earlier bouse, bowse,<MDu busen drink to excess]
bore v.n.钻孔;使厌;无聊的人 [ME, perh<ON b a wave]
boreal a.北的;北风的 [ME <F boreal or LL borealis <L Boreas <Gk Boreas god o
f the north wind]
boredom n.无聊;令人厌烦的事物
bosom n.胸;怀中;爱情;拥抱 [OE bosm<Gmc]
botany n.植物学(书) [botanic<F botanique or LL botanicus<Gk botanikos<botane
plant botanical植物的;植物学的]
botch v.拙笨地修补;糟蹋 [botcher 扭劣的工匠;笨手笨脚的人]
bouillon n.肉汤;牛肉汤 [F<bouillir to boil]
boulder n.圆石头;玉石 [short for boulderstone, ME<Scand]
boulevard n.林荫大道
boundary n.界限,范围 [dial. bounder<BOUND + -ER perh. after limitary]
bounteous a.慷慨的;宽大的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte BOUNTY after plenteous(诗)= pl
entiful]
bountiful a.大方的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte BOUNTY(<L."好东西")慷慨,好施,博爱,仁爱
,宽大 after plenteous BOUNTY+] [FUL bounteous慷慨的,宽大的]
bounty n.慷慨,宽大;赠与 [f. L bonitas -tatis<bonus good]
bouquet n.花束;香味;(酒等)芳香 [F<dial var of OF bos, bois wood]
bourgeois n.中产阶级的人 [F: BURGESS 市民;议员]
bourn n.小河;目标;界限 [F borne <OF bodne BOUND]
bout n.一阵;一回;一次 [16th c: app the same as obs bought bending]
bovine a.似牛的;笨拙的 [LL bovinus<L bos bovis ox]
bowdlerize v.删去不妥的文句 [T Bowdler(d 1825), expurgator of Shakesp]
bower n.树荫;寝室;提琴演奏者 [G Bauer peasant, jack at cards, rel to Du boer
: BOOR农民;乡下;佬]
boycott v.联合抵制 [Capt C C Boycott, Irish land-agent d 1897, so treated fr
om 1880]
brace v.支持;使固定 [ME<OF brace two arms, bracier embrace,<L brachia arms b
racing紧张的;使心神清爽的;支柱]
bracelet n.手镯;手拷 [ME<OF, dimin. of bracel<L bracchiale< bra(c)chium arm]
brackish a.混有盐的;作呕的 [obs brack(adj)<MLG, MDu brac]
brag n.自夸,吹牛,自夸的东西 [ME, orig. adj., = spirited, boastful: orig. unk
n.]
braggart n.吹牛;吹牛的 [F bragard<braguer BRAG自夸,夸耀,吹嘘()(of, about)]
brake n.煞车器;丛林;煞车 [ME, perh shortened<BRACKEN, -en being taken as a p
l ending]
bramble n.荆棘 [OE br'mbel(earlier br'mel): BROOM 扫帚(植物)金雀花]
brand n.品种;商标;烙印 [OE<Gmc]
brandish v.挥 [OF brandir ult<Gmc, rel to BRAND(<OE "火焰")(打在商品上或牲畜
身上的)烙印;商标]
brash a.性急的;仓促的;无礼的 [brashy 易碎的;脆弱的 ~ material 易碎的材质]
brat n.小鬼;小家伙 [a spoiled ~ 调皮捣蛋的小鬼;小坏蛋]
bravado n.作威;虚张的勇气 [Sp bravata<bravo: cf BRAVE, -ADO ado 骚扰;费力,麻
烦;骚动;困难]
bravo int.n.好极!暴徒;刺客 [It.: BRAVE]
bravura n.勇敢尝试;华美演奏 [(<与 bravery 对应的意大利语)]
braw a.衣饰华美的;美好的 [var. of brawf BRAVE]
brawl v.争吵 [ME<OProv, rel to BRAY 驴的叫声,似驴叫的声音 喧哗 捣碎,擂碎,把捣
成粉]
brawny a.肌肉结实的;强壮的 [brawn 肌肉;肌力,膂力,体力;人力,劳力]
braze v.用黄铜制;做黄铜色 [OE br'sen <br's BRASS]
brazen a.无耻的 [OE br'sen<br's brass brazenly ad.厚着脸皮地]
brazier n.火盆 [ME prob<BRASS + -IER, after glass, glazier]
breach n.破裂;违反法纪 [ME<OF breche, ult<Gmc]
breeze n.微风
brevity n.简洁 [AF brevete, OF brievete<bref BRIEF]
brew v.酿造;图谋 [OE breowan<Gmc]
bribe n.贿赂;收买 [ME <OF briber, brimber beg]
bridle n.v.缰绳;拘束;抑制;昂首 [OE bridel unbridled激烈的;不受约束的]
brigade n.旅;队;编成旅;分类 [F <It. brigata company <brigare be busy with <b
riga strife; a fire ~ 消防队]
brigand n.强盗 [ME<OF<It brigante<brigare: BRIGADE(军)旅(军队式组织之)团体,队
,组]
brilliant a.灿烂的;显赫的;有才气的 [F brillant part of briller shine<It bril
lare]
brim n.(杯、碗的)边 [ME brimme brimful盈满的]
brindled a.有斑纹的 [earlier brinded, brended<brend, perh of Scand orig]
brink n.边缘(峭壁等的);水际
brisk a.活泼的 [prob F brusque BRUSQUE<态度、言词,人>莽撞的,粗率的,无礼的,唐
突的 =BRUSK]
bristle v.竖立毛发;发怒 [ME bristel, brestel<OE byrst]
brittle a.脆的 [brittle star 阳遂足 (属棘皮动物,类似海盘车;亦称serpent star)
]
broach v.钻孔使流出;初次提出 [ME<OF broche(n), brocher(v)ult<L brocc(h)us pr
ojecting]
brocade n.织锦 [Sp & Port brocado<It broccato<brocco twisted thread]
brochure n.小册子 [F, lit 'stitching',<brocher stitch]
broil v.烧;曝晒;争吵 [obs broil to muddle: cf EMBROIL 使事态混乱]
broker n.经纪人;股票经纪人 [a ~ house 证券公司 (<OE "给葡萄酒桶开口的人")]
bromide n.嗅化物;平凡人;陈腔滥调
bronchitis n.支气管炎
bronze n.a.青铜;青铜制品;青铜色 [F <It. bronzo, prob. <Pers. birinj copper]
brooch n.胸针或领针 [ME broche = BROACH(<L."有突出之齿的")扩孔锥;螺旋钻;谈起
,提起,提议;钻孔于<桶等>]
brood n.v.窝;孵;沉思 [OE brod<Gmc]
brook n.容忍;小河 [OE brucan<Gmc]
browbeat v.恫吓;威吓 [(brow + beat) ~ a person into working 威吓某人工作 ~ a
person out of going alone 吓阻某人单独去]
browse n.嫩叶;放牧;浏览书本 [(n)<earlier brouse<OF brost young shoot, prob<G
mc;(v)<F broster]
bruise v.打伤 [ME<OE brysan crush, reinforced by AF bruser, OF bruisier brea
k]
bruit v.传布;散布(谣言等) [F, = noise<bruire roar (对)咆哮,大叫;大笑(at)]
brunch n.早午餐 [BR(EAKFAST) + (L)UNCH]
brusque a.唐突的;粗率的 [F<It brusco sour =BRUSK]
brutal a.野蛮的 [F brutal or medL brutalis<brutus BRUTE brutality残忍,野蛮的
行为 brute畜生;残暴的人;粗暴的]
brute n.畜生;残暴的人 [F<L brutus stupid]
bubble n.泡沫
buckle n.v.扣子;弯曲;扣住 [ME<OF boucle<L buccula cheek-strap of a helmet<bu
cca cheek: v<F boucler bulge(<L."袋")鼓起,凸] [<out>]
bucolic a.乡村的;牧人的 [L bucolicus<Gk boukolikos<boukolos herdsman<bous OX
]
bud n.芽;花蕾,未发育的东西
buddy n.同伴;伙伴;弟兄 [perh. corrupt. of brother, or var. of BUTTY]
budget n.预算;预算案;营运费 [ME = pouch,<OF bougette dimin. of bouge leather
bag<L bulga (f. Gaulish) knapsack: cf. BULGE]
buffalo n.水牛;美国野牛 [prob. <Port. bufalo <LL bufalus <L bubalus <Gk boub
alos antelope, wild ox =bison]
buffer n.缓冲器;减弱冲突的人 [18th c.: prob. formed as BUFFER or with the se
nse 'stutterer']
buffet n.v.冷餐;殴打;冲击;搏斗
buffoon n.丑角;滑稽剧演员 [F bouffon <It. buffone <med.L buffo clown <Rmc]
buffoonery n.滑稽 [F bouffon<It buffone<medL buffo clown<Rmc buffoon 丑角,滑
稽剧演员]
bug n.昆虫;故障;装置防犯铃 [buggy 多虫的;马车 (虫)amoeba 阿米巴,变形虫 aphis
芽虫,獐螂 beetle 甲虫;木槌;杵;v.凸出 bot ] [蝇的幼虫;马的肤病之一种 canthar
ides 斑螫;斑螫干燥制剂]
bugaboo n.鬼怪 [prob of dial orig: cf Welsh bwcibo the Devil, bwci hobgoblin
调皮的小鬼 (小妖精) 鬼怪]
bugle n.喇叭
bulb n.球茎;灯泡 [L bulbus<Gk bolbos onion bulbous 球根的;球根状的]
bulge n.桶腰凸出部份;膨胀 [ME<OF boulge, bouge<L bulga: BUDGET]
bulk n.大小;容积;船舱 [sense 'cargo'<OIcel sense 'mass' etc perh alt<obs bou
k(cf BUCK)]
bullion n.金块;银块 [AF = mint, var of OF bouillon ult<L bullire boil]
bullshit n.胡说 [BULL + SHIT]
bully n.恶霸;流氓;罐头牛肉 [F bouilli boiled beef<bouillir BOIL bullyboy 暴徒
,保镳;政治流氓]
bullyrag v.恐吓,欺凌
bulwark n.堡垒;防御 [ME<MLG, MDu bolwerk: BOLE树干(trunk), WORK]
bum n.游荡者;懒鬼
[prob abbr or back-form<BUMMER 讨厌之事 (状况) ;失望;失败(吸毒等)非常不愉快的
经历 (事件, 面)] bumpkin 乡下人,乡巴佬,土包子;粗鲁的人
bumble v.说话含糊 [BOOM+-LE: partly<bumble = blunderer饭桶,冒失鬼]
bumblebee n.大黄蜂
bummer n.无赖;游民;游荡者 [19th c.: perh. <G Bummler]
bumper n.缓冲挡;满杯;丰收;客满
bumpkin n.土包子;乡下人 [perh Du boomken little tree or MDu bommekijn little
barrel]
bumptious a.傲慢的;唐突的 [BUMP 冲突;扑通;隆起部分, after FRACTIOUS 易怒的;乖
僻的;难驾驭的]
bumpy a.坑洼不平的;崎岖的 [a ~ road 崎岖不平的路 have a ~ ride 乘车颠簸而行]
bun n.面包;卷发;兔;栗鼠
bungle v.n.拙劣地工作;失败 [imit.: c<BUMBLE]
buoy n.浮标;救生圈; 支持;浮上 [ME prob<MDu bo(e)ye, ult<L boia collar<Gk boe
iai ox-hides buoyancy 浮力;乐观的气质;(行情)上涨] [buoyant易浮的;快乐的]
buoyant a.能浮的,有浮力;轻快的 [F buoyant or Sp. boyante part. of boyar floa
t< boya BUOY]
bureaucracy n.官僚政治 [F bureaucratie: BUREAU(美)(政府机关的)局((英)departm
ent)]
burgeon v.突然成长;萌芽 [ME<OF bor-, burjon ult<LL burra wool]
burglar n.夜贼;夜盗 [legal AF burgler, rel. to OF burgier pillage. ~ alarm 防
盗警报器]
burial n.埋葬;葬礼
[ME, erron. formed as sing. of OE byrgels <Gmc: rel. to BURY. ~ ground 埋葬地
,墓地. ~ service 葬礼 [式]
burlesque v.用文字、图画模仿以讽喻 [F<It burlesco<burla mockery笑柄;虚假;赝品
;模仿]
burly a.结实的;粗壮的;率直的 [ME borli prob<an OE form = 'fit for the bower'
(BOWER)]
burnish v.光辉;光泽 [ME<OF burnir = brunir<brun BROWN]
burrow n.v.洞穴;潜伏;探索 [ME, app var of BOROUGH(<OE "有城堡的地方 (城镇)")
(从前的)自治市镇]
bushed a.被草丛笼罩的;疲倦的
buskin n.悲剧演员的短统靴;悲剧 [prob. <OF bouzequin, var. of bro(u)sequin]
buss n.v.接吻 [earlier bass (n. & v.): c<F baiser <L basiare]
bust n.半身像 [orig a(dial)pronunc of BURST<炸弹等>爆炸;<水泡、栗子等>爆裂]
bustle v.到处乱跑;喧躁;催促
buttress n.拱壁;支持物
[ME<OF(ars)bouterez thrusting(arch)<bouteret<bouter BUTT连接两端;接界;残余部
分;靶;嘲笑对象;以 头撞,以角抵,顶
buxom a.活泼的 [earlier sense pliant: ME<stem of OE bugan BOW+-SOME]
buzz v.n.嗡嗡声;蜂鸣
bye a.n.附属的;偶然的;秘密的 [BY as noun]
bypass v.省略
byre n.牛房 [OE byre: perh rel to BOWER]
byte n.(电脑)字节(八bit组成) [20th c.: perh. based on BIT and BITE
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