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发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标 题: TOEFL2000。5真题5
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年05月01日16:18:00 星期二), 站内信件
Questions 20 - 29
510152025 The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the tw
entieth century weremarked by the development of an international Art Nouvea
u style, characterized bysinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and sof
t evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing
together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural
forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although oft
en deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored devic
e of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass t
hat had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years
of its greatest popularity had been generically termed "art glass". Art gla
ss was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon caref
ully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques. France produced
a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style: among the most c
elebrated was Emile Gallé(1846-1901). In the United States, Louis ComfortTi
ffany(1848-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great
varietyof glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time
and are highly prizedtoday. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully c
ombining ancient Egyptian. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the d
ecorative arts from 1895 until 1915,although its influence continued through
out the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of tho
ught known as Functionalism that had present sincethe turn of the century. A
t first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers.
Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers alter the Fi
rst World War. The basic tenet of the movement - that function should determ
ine form - was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: fo
rm should be simple,surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geom
etric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar
reactions to the style and conventions of the preceding decades, created an
entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveautypes of glass to fall ou
t of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outlin
e, and complex textural surfaces.
20. What does paragraph 1 mainlydiscuss?(A) Design elements in the Art Nouve
au style(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style(C) Production techniques
for art glass(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
21. The word "one" in line 4 refers to (A) century(B) development(C) style(D
) coloration
22. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimessimilar to whic
h aspect of ancientburial glass?(A) The distortion of the glass(B) The appea
rance of the glass(C) The shapes of the glass objects(D) The size of the gla
ss objects
23. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2 ?(A) To compare different Art No
uveau styles(B) To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists(C) To explain
why Art Nouveauglass was so popular in the United States(D) To show the imp
act Art Nouveau had on othercultures around the world
24. The word "prized" in line14 is closest in meaning to(A) valued(B) univer
sal(C) uncommon(D) preserved
29. According to the passage, an object made in the Art Nouveau style would
most likely include(A) a flowered design(B) bright colors(C) modern symbols(
D) a textured surface
25. The word "overtaken" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) surpassed(B
) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied
26. What does the author mean by stating that "function shoulddetermine form
" (line 22) ?(A) A useful object should not be attractive.(B) The purpose of
an objectshould influence its form(C) The design of an object(D) The form o
f an objectshould not include decorative elements.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason. Functionalismbecame
popular was that it(A) clearly distinguish (B) appealed to people who liked
complex painted designs(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past
(D) was easily interpreted by the general public
28. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionali
sm?(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.(B) It started on a small
scale and then spread gradually.(C) It was a major force in thedecorative a
rts before the First World War(D) It was not attractive to architects and de
signers
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