Flyingoverseas 版 (精华区)

发信人: bonjovi (bonjovi), 信区: Flyingoverseas
标  题: 张红岩谈常见辩论话题理由(上)
发信站: 哈工大紫丁香 (2001年02月26日12:30:52 星期一), 站内信件


　　（注意，有些理由在TWE中会被认为是重复的，只做欣赏。另外，从中我们可以对自
己的逻辑思维更加自信。）
A．　Smoking
For：
1．　it　is　pleasurable　and　relaxing
2．　it　is　one's　right
3．　it　is　difficult　to　stop　smoking
4．　it　is　an　old　custom　going　back　hundreds　of　years
5．　it　is　not　always　dangerous　to　one's　health　
6．　it　makes　socializing　easier
7．　it　is　an　important　source　of　tax　revenue
8．　intoxication　is　a　natural　drive　(e.g.,　coffee,　drugs,　alcohol)
Against:
1．　it　is　harmful　to　one's　health　(e.g.,　heart　disease,　bronchial　
trouble,　lung　cancer　)
2．　it　is　harmful　to　those　nearby
3．　it　is　a　dirty　and　expensive　habit
4．　it　is　addictive　(i.e.,　nicotine)
5．　it　is　quickly　being　banned　in　public　areas
6．　it　lives　off　deceptive　advertising
B．　School　Uniforms
For：
1．　they　build　character
2．　they　eliminate　class　differences
3．　they　allow　students　to　better　concentrate　on　their　studies
4．　they　are　popular　with　parents　and　administrators
5．　they　are　inexpensive
6．　they　are　attractive　and　neat
7．　they　eliminate　the　need　to　choose　what　to　wear　every　day　
8．　many　countries　have　them
Against：
1．　they　lead　to　conformity
2．　they　are　disliked　by　students　(students　like　to　primp)
3．　they　create　a　military　mentality　
4．　they　are　an　infringement　on　our　freedom　(different　strokes　for
　different　folks)
5．　they　are　ugly　and　childish
6．　they　deprive　youths　of　an　important　choice:　what　to　wear
7．　they　are　losing　popularity　everywhere
C．　Legalized　Gambling
For：
1．　it　reduces　taxes
2．　it　is　a　source　of　government　revenue
3．　it　is　gaining　popularity　in　the　world
4．　it　is　an　old　practice　dating　back　thousands　of　years
5．　it　is　pleasurable　(e.g.,　horse　racing,　casinos)
6．　it　is　voluntary
7．　many　people　play　poker　and　mahjong
Against：
1．　it　is　banned　in　most　countries
2．　it　is　condemned　by　most　religions
3．　it　can　become　addictive　
4．　it　encourages　people　to　throw　away　their　hard-earned　savings　
5．　it　teaches　people　not　to　work　for　money
6．　it　can　destroy　happy　families
7．　it　can　lead　to　suicide
8．　it　is　easily　controlled　by　the　Mafia　(e.g.,　bookmakers　)
D．　City　Life
For：
1．　it　is　exciting
2．　it　attracts　people　from　the　countryside
3．　it　offers　the　best　schools,　hospitals,　and　stores
4．　it　offers　many　amenities　(e.g.,　swimming　pools,　bowling　alleys,
　and　sports　stadiums　)
5．　it　offers　many　chances　of　employment
6．　its　noise　and　overcrowding　are　hardly　noticeable
7．　cities　have　an　efficient　public　transportation　system
8．　city　planners　can　create　a　good　living　environment　
9．　crime　can　be　found　in　the　countryside　as　well
Against　：
1．　it　is　unhealthy　(e.g.,　water　and　air　pollution　)
2．　it　is　not　a　good　environment　for　children
3．　it　is　devoid　of　Nature　and　distinct　seasons
4．　it　is　noisy　and　dangerous
5．　it　makes　people　nervous　and　even　neurotic
6．　it　has　created　awful　slums
7．　cities　are　overcrowded　and　expensive
8．　many　city　dwellers　long　to　return　to　the　countryside
9．　city　housing　projects　are　unpopular
E．　Informing　Patients　Of　Cancer
For：
1．　patients　want　to　know
2．　it　is　wrong　to　hide　the　truth
3．　it　is　not　a　shock　for　the　patient　but　for　his　family
4．　it　gives　the　patient　a　chance　to　plan　his　last　days
5．　it　is　the　patient'　s　body,　not　the　doctor'　s
6．　doctors　are　for　it　(in　the　U.　S.)
7．　it　allows　a　person　to　choose　alternate　means　of　treatment
Against：
1．　it　is　heartless　and　cruel
2．　it　may　make　the　patient　give　up　
3．　it　causes　depression
4．　it　can　lead　to　suicide
5．　most　relatives　are　against　it　
6．　a　white　lie　can　save　undue　suffering
7．　doctors　are　against　it　(in　Japan)
F．　Social　Security
For：
1．　the　state　should　help　the　poor,　　aged,　unemployed,　and　sick
2．　the　state　should　provide　good　health　care　for　its　citizens
3．　the　strong　must　help　the　weak
4．　Social　Darwinism　is　outdated
5．　there　will　always　be　social　misfits　that　need　help
6．　all　religions　stress　charity
7．　all　advanced　countries　have　some　form　of　social　security
Against　：
1．　it　costs　too　much
2．　it　encourages　laziness　and　destroys　the　work　ethic
3．　it　does　not　work　efficiently
4．　people　should　look　after　themselves
5．　it　results　in　heavy　taxes
6．　Social　Darwinism　tells　us　that　life　is　the　"survival　of　the　
fittest"
7．　there　are　no　freebies　in　life
G．Coeducation
For　：
1．　it　is　natural　(i.e.,　adult　society　is　not　segregated　)
2．　it　gives　men　and　women　a　chance　to　better　understand　one　ano
ther
3．　it　gives　men　and　women　a　chance　to　compete　with　one　another
4．　it　is　the　modern　trend
5．　it　has　many　practical　advantages　(e.g.,　　school　plays,　music　
groups)
6．　it　produces　well-adjusted　adults
7．　most　parents　prefer　coeducation.
8．　separate　schools　foster　sexual　rivalry
9．　women　become　neurotic　in　all-women'　s　schools
Against　：
1．　women　do　better　academically　in　their　own　colleges
2．　women　are　in　college　to　get　an　education,　not　a　husband
3．　women　have　their　own　values　to　develop
4．　it　can　lead　to　intimacy　and　promiscuity
5．　it　is　still　rare　in　some　countries
6．　it　is　opposed　by　some　parents　
7．　it　robs　women　of　their　self-confidence
8．　separate　schools　have　existed　for　centuries
9．　marry　great　men　and　women　attended　separate　schools
H．　Corporal　Punishment
For　：
1．　children　are　not　adults　
2．　children　respect　discipline
3．　it　is　a　check　on　excessive　permissiveness
4．　it　does　no　permanent　damage　because　children　are　hardy　creatur
es
5．　it　is　opposed　only　by　mixed-up　psychologists
6．　it　is　a　form　of　training
7．　it　builds　real　character
8．　it　reinforces　the　authority　of　teachers　and　parents　
9．　it　works　to　control　juvenile　delinquency
10.　there　is　the　saying:　Spare　the　rod　and　spoil　the　child
Against　：
1．　it　is　barbarous
2．　Freud　said　it　is　wrong
3．　love　is　better　than　physical　punishment
4．　it　can　cause　psychological　problems
5．　it　is　not　necessary　if　children　are　raised　correctly
6．　it　is　an　emotional,　irrational　response
7．　it　can　result　in　a　lawsuit
8．　beatings　have　been　known　to　result　in　death
9．　there　is　the　saying　:　Violence　begets　violence
I．　Organ　Transplants
For　：　
1．　they　prolong　life
2．　they　are　supported　by　the　　medical　profession
3．　they　enhance　medical　science　
4．　they　are　a　challenge　to　surgeons
5．　critically　ill　people　want　transplants　in　order　to　live　
6．　costs　will　come　down　as　the　surgery　becomes　routine
7．　there　is　no　"time"　to　die
8．　death　is　defined　as　brain　death
9．　the　drugs　cyclosporine　and　FK-506　have　helped　eliminate　the　pr
oblem　of　rejection
Against　：
1．　they　are　too　expensive
2．　they　favor　the　　rich
3．　they　encourage　the　poor　in　Third　World　countries　to　sell　thei
r　organs
4．　they　are　unnatural　as　seen　by　the　body'　s　rejection
5．　they　are　often　unsuccessful
6．　the　idea　is　sinister
7．　Nature　has　decided　when　we　should　die
8．　the　process　of　deciding　who　gets　the　next　available　organ　is　
unfair　
9．　there　is　as　yet　no　agreement　on　what　constitutes　death　(brain
　-dead　versus　heart-dead)
J．　Civil　Disobedience
For　：
1．　it　draws　attention　to　unjust　of　unconstitutional　laws
2．　it　is　a　matter　of　religious　or　moral　convictions
3．　it　is　the　only　way　to　fight　oppression　
4．　it　is　usually　nonviolent
5．　it　is　used　only　in　extreme　circumstances
6．　it　goes　back　to　the　time　of　Jesus　Christ
7．　it　is　common,　like　cheating　on　taxes　and　illegal　parking
8．　God'　s　laws　take　precedence　over　man'　s　laws
9．　protestors　are　ready　to　accept　punishment　for　their　beliefs
10．　many　famous　people　have　engaged　in　civil　disobedience　(e.g.,　
Mahatma　Gandhi　and　Andrei　Sakharov)
11．　there　are　many　famous　examples　such　as　the　Boston　Tea　Party　
and　conscientious　objectors　during　the　Vietnam　War
Against　：
1．　no　one　is　above　the　law
2．　it　can　quickly　destroy　law　and　order
3．　it　leads　to　anarchy
4．　it　leads　to　contempt　for　all　laws
5．　protestors　are　cowards　trying　to　escape　punishment
6．　protestors　often　resort　to　violence
7．　the　democratic　process　should　be　used　to　effect　change
K．　Abortion
For　：
1．　it　is　a　woman'　s　fundamental　right,　say　abortion-rights　advoca
tes
2．　it　is　necessary　for　unwed　mothers
3．　it　is　necessary　for　rape　victims
4．　it　is　necessary　in　some　cases　to　save　a　mother'　s　life
5．　procreation　is　a　couple'　s　choice
6．　it　is　a　form　of　birth　control
7．　poor,　illiterate　women　want　it　
8．　most　women　support　it　
9．　it　is　necessary　to　prevent　overpopulation
10．　it　prevents　unwanted　babies　from　coming　into　the　world
11．　it　is　not　murder　because　a　fetus　is　not　yet　a　human　being
Against：
1．　it　is　murder　(infanticide),　say　anti-choice　groups
2．　life　begins　at　conception
3．　it　is　an　unnatural　practice
4．　it　is　immoral　because　only　God　can　take　a　life　
5．　a　fetus　is　a　human　being-unborn　but　viable
6．　the　rights　of　a　fetus　must　be　protected
7．　it　is　painful　for　the　fetus-a　barbaric　practice
8．　it　is　not　the　same　as　other　modern　birth-control　devices
9．　it　causes　many　women　to　have　guilt　feelings
10．unwanted　babies　can　be　put　up　for　adoption
　　

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