·¢ÐÅÈË: albin.bbs@bbs.dlut.edu.cn (°¢ÀÖ±ó), ÐÅÇø: cnunix
±ê Ìâ: µç×ÓÓʼþ»·¾³Ö®Éú³É(4)(Ç®·ÉÖø)
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ±Ìº£ÇàÌì (Thu Oct 16 20:22:13 1997)
תÐÅÕ¾: Lilac!ustcnews!ustcnews!sjtunews!DUT
³ö ´¦: rose.dlut.edu.cn
¡¾×¨Ìâ½éÉÜ¡¿
´ó¹æÄ£¼ÆËã»úÍøÂçÖ÷Òª·þÎñÖ®¹ÜÀí·½·¨
(2)
µç×ÓÓʼþ»·¾³µÄÉú³É·½·¨(4)
3. Óʼþ×é(Maling List)
ÏàП÷λ¶ÁÕ߶¼ÔÚÒÔ¸÷ÖÖÐÎʽ²Î¼Ó×ÅһЩÓʼþ×é,´ÓÖлñȡן÷ÖÖÓÐÒæµÄÐÅÏ¢.ÓÊ ¼þ×é¹ËÃû˼ÒåΪһÖÖ²¥·Å
ʽ´«µÝý½é,Ëü¿ÉÒÔΪ²Î¼ÓÕßÌṩһÖÖÐżþ¹ã²¥¿Õ¼ä,ͶÈë ¸Ã¿Õ¼äµÄÐżþ½«»á²¥·Å¸øËùÓвμÓÕß.Óʼþ×黹±»
³ÆΪÍøÂçÂÛ̳,Ôø¾Êǹú¼ÊѧÊõÍø Âç(BITNET)ϵÄÖØÒª»î¶¯Ö®Ò».Óʼþ×é¾ÍÆ书ÄܶøÑÔ,´óÖ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÒÔϼ¸
ÖÖ:
(1) ÌÖÂÛ×é
²Î¼ÓÕß¿ÉÒÔÏòÓʼþ×é×ÔÓÉͶ¸å. ͶÈëµÄ¸å¼þ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÓмàÊÓ,»òÎÞ¼àÊÓ¿ØÖÆϲ¥·Å ¸øËùÓвμÓÕß.Óû§¿É
ÒÔ×Ô¶¯µØÑ¡Ôñ²Î¼Ó,»òÍ˳ö.ÕâÊÇÓʼþ×é×î³£ÓõÄʹÓÃÐÎ̬.
(2) ·¢ÐÐ×é
ÓÃÓÚ¸÷ÐÅÏ¢·¢·Åµ¥Î»·¢·Å¸÷ÖÖÐÅÏ¢.Óû§¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯µØÑ¡Ôñ²Î¼Ó,»òÍ˳ö·¢ÐÐ×é,µ« ÎÞ·¨Ïò¸Ã×éͶ¸å.
(3) FTP-mail
¶ÔÓÚÄÇЩÎÞ·¨Ö±½ÓʹÓÃFTPÏÂÔØÔ¶³ÌÎļþµÄÓû§, ÌṩһÖÖ¾Óɵç×ÓÓʼþµÄÏÂÔØ ÊÖ¶Î.Óû§¿ÉÒÔÓõç×Ó
ÓʼþÀ´²éÑ°,¼ìË÷Ô¶³Ì·þÎñÆ÷ÉϵÄÎļþĿ¼,²¢Óõç×ÓÓʼþ À´ÏÂÔØËùÐèÎļþ.Ò»°ãÓë·¢ÐÐ×éÒ»Ñù,Óû§ÎÞ
·¨Ïò¸Ã×éͶ¸å.
€€€€€€ (4) ±äÐηþÎñ×é
¼´ÓÃÓʼþ·½Ê½À´ÌṩһЩÆäËû·þÎñ.ÖîÈç,WWW·þÎñ,Archie²éÑ°·þÎñ,BBS·þÎñµÈ.
Óʼþ×é¾ÍÆäʹÓÃÐÎ̬,²Î¼ÓÕßÊýÁ¿µÈ»¹·ÖΪ´ó,ÖÐ,СÈýÖÖ.¶ÔÓÚ²»Í¬µÄÀàÐÍËùʹÓà µÄ¹¤¾ßÒ²²»Í¬.ÐèÒªÔÚ³õÆÚ
É趨ʱ,ÓÉÓʼþ×é¹ÜÀíÕß¼ÓÒÔ·ÖÎö¿¼ÂÇ.
ÎÞÂÛÊÇÄÄÒ»ÖÖÓʼþ×é,Ò»°ã¶¼ÐèÒªÒÔÏÂÈý¸öµØÖ·:
(a)listname
Óʼþ×éµÄ¾ßÌåµØÖ·.ÐèÒªÏò²Î¼ÓÕß¹«¿ª. ͶÈë¸ÃµØÖ·µÄÓʼþ½«²¥·Å¸øËùÓÐ²Î¼Ó Õß.
(b)listname-request
Óʼþ×éµÄÇëÇóÐÅÏ¢ÊÜÀíÓõØÖ·. ÓÃÓÚ´¦Àí²Î¼Ó»òÍ˳öµÈÇëÇó.ÐèÒªÏò²Î¼ÓÕß¹« ¿ª.ͶÈë¸ÃµØÖ·µÄÓʼþ½«
ת·¢¸øÏàÓ¦µÄ¹ÜÀíÕß.
(c)owner-listname
Óʼþ×éµÄ¹ÜÀíÕßµØÖ·,ÓÃÓÚ´¦Àí¸÷ÖÖ³ö´íÐżþ.¸ÃµØÖ·²»ÐèÒªÏò²Î¼ÓÕß¹«¿ª.Ͷ Èë¸ÃµØÖ·µÄÓʼþ½«×ª·¢
¸øÏàÓ¦µÄ¹ÜÀíÕß.
3.1 ×î¼òµ¥µÄÌÖÂÛ×é(ALIAS·¨ÓëINCLUDE·¨)
¶ÔÓڷǹ«¿ªÐÔСÐÍÌÖÂÛ×éÀ´Ëµ,Èç¹ûûÓбØÒª¿¼ÂÇ»ØÖ´,×Ô¶¯²Î¼Ó»òÍ˳öµÈ¸½¼Ó¹¦ ÄÜʱ,Óм¸ÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨¿É
ÒÔ°ïÖúÄú¿ªÉè·þÎñ.ÕâÀïÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´ÒÔÏÂÊöÉ趨ÀýÀ´¿´Ò»Ï ×î³£ÓõÄÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨--ALIAS·¨ÓëINCLUDE·¨.
É趨Àý:
Óʼþ×éËùÔÚ¼ÆËã»úÃû³Æ: mailserv.mydomain
Óʼþ×éÃû³Æ: small-list
²Î¼ÓÕßÃû±í: user1,user2
3.1.1 ALIAS·¨
(a) ±à¼/etc/mail/aliases(SunOS4.1.x ʱΪ/etc/aliases)Îļþ,¼ÓÈëÓʼþ×éÄÚ ÈÝ.
% vi /etc/mail/aliases
small-list: user1, user2, user3@host.otherdomain1, (×¢1)
user4@host.otherdomain2, user5@host.otherdomain3
small-list-request: list-adm (×¢2)
owner-small-list: list-adm (×¢3)
(×¢1) ÔÚ´Ë´¦µÇ¼²Î¼ÓÕßÃû±í.Èç¹ûÒ»Ðв»¹»Ê±,ÔÚ","ºó»»ÐÐ,»»ÐмüÈëÒ»¸öÒÔÉÏ
µÄ¸ñʽ·û(TAB¼ü)ºóÔÙÊäÈëºóÐøÄÚÈÝ.
(×¢2) ÌîÈë¹ÜÀíÕßµØÖ·.
(×¢3) ÌîÈë¹ÜÀíÕßµØÖ·.
(b) ΪÁËʹÉÏÊöÉ趨ÉúЧ,ÇëÖ´ÐÐnewaliasesÃüÁî»òsendmail -biÃüÁî.
% newaliases
3.1.2 INCLUDE·¨
µ±²Î¼ÓÕ߱䶯ºÜƵ·±Ê±,ALIAS·¨²»Ì«·½±ã.Õâʱ¿ÉÒÔ½«²Î¼ÓÕßÁÐÈëijһÎļþ,È»ºó ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/mail/aliasesÎÄ
¼þ.
(a) ¶¨Òå²Î¼ÓÕßÃû±íÎļþ(·¾¶ÈÎÒâ)
% vi /home/listserv/small-list-members
user1
user2
€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ user3@host.otherdomain1
user4@host.otherdomain2
user5@host.otherdomain3
Èç¹ûÐèÒª,ÇëÓÃÏÂÊö·½·¨¶Ô²Î¼ÓÕßÃû±í½øÐÐÅÅÐò.
% mv small-list-members afo
% sort -o afo -t@ +1 small-list-members
(b) ±à¼/etc/mail/aliases(SunOS4.1.x ʱΪ/etc/aliases)Îļþ,¼ÓÈëÓʼþ×éÄÚ ÈÝ.
% vi /etc/mail/aliases
small-list: :include: /home/listserv/small-list-members
small-list-request: list-adm
owner-small-list: list-adm
% chmod 644 /home/listserv/small-list-members
(c) ΪÁËʹÉÏÊöÉ趨ÉúЧ,ÇëÖ´ÐÐnewaliasesÃüÁî»òsendmail -biÃüÁî.
% newaliases
ÒÔºó,ÿµ±×·¼Ó»òɾ³ý²Î¼ÓÕßʱ,Ö»ÒªÐÞ¸Äsmall-list-membersÎļþ¼´¿É, ²»ÐèÒª ÔÙÖ´ÐÐnewaliaseÃüÁî.
ÔÚʹÓÃʱ,¹ÜÀíÕßÓ¦ÊÂÏÈ֪ͨ²Î¼ÓÕß,»òÓпÉÄܲμӵÄÓû§ÒÔÏÂÐÅÏ¢:
²Î¼û»òÍ˳öʱ,ÇëÏòÏÂÊöµØַͶ¼ÄÐżþ,²¢Çë×¢Ã÷ÇëÇóÊÂÏî(×¢,ÔÚ´Ë´¦, ÕâÖ»²»¹ý ÊÇÒ»¸ö¹ÜÀíÉϵÄÊÖÐøÒªÇó,
ÓëºóÃ潫Ҫ½éÉܵÄ×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíûÓÐÈκιØϵ).
small-list-request@mailserv.domain
ÈÕ³£Í¶¸åÇëʹÓÃÒÔϵØÖ·:
small-list@mailserv.domain
ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ,ÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨¾ùûÓжԷDzμÓÕß֮Ͷ¸å¼ÓÒÔÈκÎÏÞÖÆ. Òò´Ë,Ö»Òª ÖªµÀÁ˸ÃÓʼþ×éµØÖ·,ÈκÎ
È˶¼¿ÉÒÔÏòÆäͶ¸å.ΪÁ˱£Ö¤ÏµÍ³µÄ°²È«, Çë¸÷λ¹ÜÀíÕß É÷ÖصعÜÀísmall-list-membersÎļþ.
3.1.3 »ØËÍ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢µÄ´¦Àí
µ±Óʼþ×éÖ®²Î¼ÓÕß½ÏÉÙ,±ä¶¯²»ÊǺÜƵ·±Ê±,Ò»°ã²ÉÓÃÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨±ã×ãÄÜÓ¦¸¶·þ ÎñÒªÇó.µ«ÊÇ,µ±²Î¼ÓÕßÔö
¶à,»òÎÞЧµØÖ·Ö®¹ÜÀí²»µ±Ê±,ÓÐʱ»á³öÏÖһЩ»ØËÍ´íÎóЊϢ(bounce messages).ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢ÍùÍùÊÇÓÉÓÚµØÖ·
²»Ïé,»ò´íÎó,ÓÐʱҲ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÉÓÚ½Ó ÊÕ²à¼ÆËã»úÍÑ»úµÈÔÒòËùÖÂ. ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢Ò»°ãÓ¦¸ÃÓÉÓʼþ×éÖ®¹ÜÀíÕßÀ´¼Ó
ÒÔ´¦Àí, ¶ø ²»±Øת·¢ÐÅÏ¢Ö®Éú³ÉÕß(¼´Óû§×ÔÉí),ÒòΪÓʼþ×éÖ®²Î¼ÓÕß²¢²»ÖªµÀ²Î¼ÓÕßÊÇË,Ò² ûÓа취ȥ
ɾ³ýËûÈÏΪÊÇ´íÎóµÄµØÖ·.
Ϊ²¿·ÖµØ»º½â,ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ,Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÐżþºóÖØÐÂÆð¶¯sendmail½ø³Ì½øÐÐת·¢. ¿ÉÒÔ ½«/etc/mail/aliasesÎļþ
ÖÐÖ®ÏàÓ¦²¿·ÖÐÞ¸ÄΪ:
small-list: "|/usr/lib/sendmail -fsmall-list-request -oi dist-list"
dist-list: :include: /home/listserv/small-list-members
small-list-request: list-adm
owner-small-list: small-list-request
ÕâÑù, Ͷ¼Äµ½small-list@mailserv.domainµÄÐżþ½«±»·âÈëеÄÐÅ·â(envelope) ÖØÐÂת·¢.ת·¢ÕßÖ®µØÖ·
("Return-Path"µÈSMTP FromÐÅÏ¢)½«±»É趨Ϊsmall-list- request,Èç¹û³öÏÖ´íÎó,´íÎóÐÅÏ¢½«±»×ª·¢¸ø
small-list-request,¼´Óʼþ×é¹ÜÀíÕß.
ΪÁ˼õÉÙ»ØËÍ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢, ×îºÃµÄ·½·¨ÊǸøÓʼþÍ·(mail head)Ìí¼Ó"Precedence:" ÐкÍ"Error-To:"ÐÐ.ÓкÜ
¶à·½·¨¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄúÌí¼ÓÕâÖÖÐÅÏ¢,µ«±ÊÕßÈÏΪ,ÓëÆäÔÚÕâ·½ Ã滨·ÑÀÍÁ¦, ²»Èç¸É´àʹÓÃרÓõÄÓʼþ×éÈí¼þ(
Èç:Majordomo,SmartList,Listproc µÈ),ÒòΪÄúµÄÓʼþ×éÒѾ×ã¹»´ó. ÕâЩÓʼþ×éÈí¼þµÄ¾ßÌåʹÓ÷½·¨½«ÔÚ
ºóÐøÕ½ÚÖÐ ½éÉÜ.
(Ç®·É/fei@come.or.jp)
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