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·¢ÐÅÕ¾: ±Ìº£ÇàÌì (Wed Jul 8 00:13:11 1998)
תÐÅÕ¾: Lilac!ustcnews!DUT
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Äã»áÔ¤ÆÚWindows NT Server¼°UNIX»áÄú×öʲ÷áÊÂ?
NT¿ÉÓ벻ͬÖÖÀàµÄµçÄÔÁ¬Ïß. UNIXÒ²ÄÜ.
NT¿É°²È«µØ´¦ÀíÃô¸Ð×ÊÁÏ, ²¢Ê¹Î´ÊÚȨµÄʹÓÃÕß, ÎÞ·¨½øÈëÍø·. UNIXÒ²ÄÜ.
»ù±¾ÉÏ, Á½Õß¾ù¿É´ïµ½×îµÍµÄÍø·×÷ҵϵͳҪÇó. ¼òµ¥µÄ˵, UNIX¿ÉΪNTËùÄÜΪ, ¶ø
ÇÒÄÜ×öµ½¸üÇ¿.
¶àʹÓÃÕß¼°Ô¶¶ËÖ´ÐÐ
NTͨ³£±»ÈÏΪÊǸö"¶àʹÓÃÕß"µÄ×÷ҵϵͳ, µ«ÕâÊÇÍêÈ«ÊÇÎóµ¼. NTÖ÷»ú¿ÉÊÚȨһ¸öʹ
ÓÃÕß. Ò»µ©Õâ¸öʹÓÃÕß½øÈëÕą̂µçÄÔ, Ëû/ËýËùÄÜ×öµÄ½ö½öÊÇ´æÈ¡µµ°¸¼°Ó¡±í. Õâλ
NTʹÓÃÕß, ²»ÄÜÔڸõçÄÔÉÏÖ´ÐÐÈκγÌʽ(ÓÃÒÔÀûÓøõçÄԵĽϸߵµµÄÓ²Ìå´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦).
NTʹÓÃÕßÖ»ÄÜÖ´ÐÐһЩÌرðµÄÈíÌå, ÕâЩÈíÌ屻д³ÉÁ½¶Î, ÀýÈçÖ÷/´ÓÈíÌå....
µ±Ò»Î»Ê¹ÓýøÈëUNIXÖ÷»ú, Ëû/Ëý¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐÈκÎÈíÌå (µ±È»ÁË,¸ÃʹÓÃÕßÐèÒªÓÐÖ´ÐÐȨ
ÏÞ), ²¢ÇÒ½«¸ÃÐг̸ºÔØÈÃÖ÷»ú·Öµ£. Õ⻹°üº¬ÁËͼÐνçÃæ,ÒòΪX-ServerÈíÌåÔÚËùÓÐ
UNIXϵͳÊDZê×¼.
µç×ÓÓʼþËÅ·þÆ÷
¶Ô´ó¶àÊý¹«Ë¾À´Ëµ, e-mail¼º¾³ÉΪͨѶµÄ±ØÒª¹¤¾ß, ¶øÇÒ´ó¶àÊý¹«Ë¾ÅÜËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄ
internal/external e-mailϵͳ.ÓÃWindows NT, ÄúÐèÒª×Ô¼ºÈ¥ÂòÈíÌåÀ´É趨e-mail
Ö÷»ú.
UNIXϵͳ´ÓÀ´¾Í¸½´øÒ»¸ö³Ìʽ³ÆΪSendmail. ÆäËü»¹ÓÐÐí¶àmailÈíÌå(or MTAs, Mail
Transport Agents)ÔÚUNIXÉÏ¿ÉÈ¡µÃ, µ«Õâ¸öÊÇ×î±»¹ã·ºÊ¹ÓõÄ, ¶øÇÒÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄ. ÓÐЩ
UNIX¹ÜÀíÕßÈÏΪexim »òqmailÊǸüºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ,ÒòΪ¸üÈÝÒ×É趨. exim¼°qmail, ¾ÍÏñ
sendmailÒ»Ñù, ¶¼ÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄ,²»¹ÜÄúÊDz»ÊÇÓÃì¶ÉÌÒµÉÏ.
Ðí¶àNT-based¹«Ë¾Ê¹Óà Microsoft Exchange ServerÀ´×öΪÆäMTA. ÕâÊǸöºÜ°º¹óµÄ½â
¾ö·½°¸, ²¢½öÔÚÉÙÊýÆóÒµÖÐ×öµÃÆðÀ´. Microsoft Exchange ServerÆóÒµ°æ - 25ÈË°æ
$3,549.00. ÈôÄúÓг¬¹ý25¸ö¹ÍÔ±, ͬÑùÒ»ÑùµÄ¶«Î÷Òª50ÈË°æ$4,859.00 (×ÊÁÏÀ´Ô´:
Microsoft) ÔÚ±¾ÎÄÉÔáá, ÓÐÒ»½Ú½Ð×öÓʼþËÅ·þÆ÷(MTAs), ÌṩÁ˱Ƚϼ°±È¶ÔÕâÁ½Ì×
ϵͳ.
Íø¹Ü¹¦ÄÜ
¼ÈȻ΢Èí½«NT¿´³ÉÊǸöÒ¡Ç®Ê÷, ¿É³ÉΪÆäËüÍø·ϵͳµÄÌæ´úÆ·, °üÀ¨ÁËUNIX¼°Novell.
ÓÐÈË»á¼ÙÉèNT»áÓбØÒªµÄ¹¤¾ßÀ´Íê³ÉÕâЩ×î»ù±¾µÄÈÎÎñ: µµ°¸¼°Áбí·ÖÏí.
ÈκεÄϵͳ/Íø·¹ÜÀíÕß´Ó¾ÑéµÃÖª, µ±ÔÚÉ趨µµ°¸ËÅ·þÆ÷¼°ÐÂÔöÍø·ʹÓÃÕßʱ, ÓÐÁ½
ÏîÖØÒªµÄÊÂÔÚÉ趨ÉÏÊDZØÐëÒª×öµÄ: °²È«ÎÊÌâ, ÀýÈçÃÜÂë,µµ°¸´æȡȨÏÞ; Íø·Ӳµú¿Õ
¼äÅä¶î(disk quota), ÓÃÀ´ÏÞÖÆʹÓÃÕßµÄÍø·´æÈ¡¿Õ¼äÉÏÏÞ.
ËäÈ»NTÌṩÁË»ù±¾µÄÃÜÂë±£»¤, ËüÖ»Ìṩ»ù±¾µÄµµ°¸²ã´ÎµÄ°²È«, ÇÒ½ö½öÔÚÄúÑ¡ÔñÁË
ʹÓÃ΢Èí¶ÀÓеĵµ°¸ÏµÍ³, ³ÆΪNTFS. ÓÐЩMIS²¿ÃÅ, ÐIJ»¸ÊÇé²»Ô¸µØÈ¥¿ª·¢Õâ¸öµµ°¸
ϵͳ, ÒòΪËûÃǾõµÃ¸Ãµµ°¸ÏµÍ³¾³£ÐÔ¿åµô, ¶øÐèÒªÖؽ¨, ³ÉΪһ¸öºÜ´óµÄʹÓÃÉϵÄ
×è°.
Ò»°ãÏàÐÅNTFSµÄ¸ñʽÊDz»Äܱ»DOSËù¶ÁÈ¡. Rune KnapstadÔò¸æËßÎÒDOSÓиö¹¤¾ß³Ìʽ³Æ
Ϊ NTFSDOS Ôò¿É¹ÒÉÏNTFSµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³.ºÜÓÐȤµÄÊÇ,ÕâÊǸöÖ§Ô®³§É̵IJúÆ·¶ø·Ç΢ÈíËù
ÖÆ.
¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇNT²»ÌṩÈκλúÖÆÀ´ÏÞÖÆʹÓÃÕßµÄÓ²µúʹÓÿռä!
ÔÚÁíÒ»·½Ãæ, UNIX¼°Novell, ÌṩÈíÌåÀ´´ï´ËÄ¿µÄ, ²¢ÊÓ´ËΪ»ù±¾¹¦ÄÜ.
΢ÈíÐû³Æ, ÔÚÉÐδÍê³ÉµÄNT Server 5.0, ½«Ìṩ¸Ã"'ÐÂ'µÄ´æÈ¡¹ÜÀí¹¦ÄÜ, ÀýÈç´Åµú
Åä¶î(disk quotas) . . ." (¼ûpress release, Windows NT 5.0 Beta Delivered to
Over 200,000 Developers).
Åų̹ÜÀí¹¦ÄÜ
»¹ÓÐ, UNIX×÷ҵϵͳ¶¼»á¸½ÉÏһЩscripting languages (Bourne Shell, Korn Shell,
C Shell, ÓÐʱ»¹ÓÐPerl, PerlÊÂʵÉÏÒ²ÊÇFreeµÄ, Ôڴ˽öÌá¼°ÆäÖеļ¸¸ö) ¼°Ò»¸ö³Æ
Ϊ"cron"µÄ»úÖÆÀ´×ö¹Ì¶¨Ê±¼ä¼ä¸ôµÄÊÂÎñ(¼ä¸ôn·ÖÖÓ, ¼ä¸ônСʱ, ÿÖÜ, ÿÔÂ,µÈµÈ).
Cron schedulingÊǸ߶ȵĿɹæ»,¶øÇÒ²»½ö½öÊÇÔÚ×öÕâЩʶøÒÑ. ¹âÊÇÕâЩ,¸ß½×ÃèÊö
ÓïÑÔ+corn=ϵͳ¹ÜÀíµÄÇ¿´ó¹¤¾ß, ÀàËƵŦÄÜÔÚMicrosoft NT Server 4.0¸ù±¾ÕÒ²»µ½.
ϵͳ¹ÜÀíµÄÖØÒªÈÎÎñ¿É×Ô¶¯Ö´ÐÐ,¿É¸ù¾ÝÐèÇóÀ´¹æ»ÕâЩ×Ô¶¯¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷,Ö±½ÓµÄÓ°Ïìµ½
¹ÍÔ±ÊýÁ¿¼°Ô¤Ëã.
Óиö¶ÁÕßÖ¸³ö, NTȷʵÓиö"Scheduler"¼°Ò»¸ö"at"Ö¸Áî, ²¢ÇÒPerlÔÚNTÒ²¿ÉÈ¡µÃ.
û´í,ÕâÊÇÊÂʵ,µ«ÎÒ²»ÈÏΪNTÓÐÏÞµÄcmd.exe scripting environment½áºÏ"Scheduler"
»ò"at" ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½ÉÏÊö¿ÉÔÚUNIXÉÏ´ï³ÉµÄ¹¦ÄÜ.
Ö´ÐÐ×Ô¶¯µÄÈÎÎñ½öÔÚscripts/tasks/executablesÄܹ»ÔÚ²»ÐèÈ˽éÈëµÄÌõ¼þÏÂ,×Ô¶¯Ö´ÐÐ
Íê³É. ´ó¶àÊýÔÚNTÏÂÖ´ÐеijÌʽÊÇGUI-based,²¢ÇÒÐèҪϵͳ¹ÜÀíÕߵĽéÈë. ¿´µ½ÏÖʵ
²ãÃæ,ÕâЩ×Ô¶¯¹ÜÀí³Ìʽ¶¼ÊÇÓÉϵͳ¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¸ù¾Ý¸Ã»úÆ÷µÄÌØÐÔËùд³öÀ´µÄ. »ùì¶ÎÒ¸ö
ÈËÔÚ²úÒµÉϵľÑé, ºÜÉÙÓÐNT»áÈ¥°²×°Perl,´ËÍâNT¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±´ó¶àÊý²»ÖªµÀʲ÷áÊÇPerl.
ÎÒÏëÇý²ßNT³É³¤µÄÒòËØÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ,Âò±ãÒ˵ÄÓ²Ìå¼°¹ÍÓÃ×îÁ®¼ÛµÄNT¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ÊǺܷ½±ãµÄÊÂ.
´ËÍâ,¾ÍÊÇÂò¸öNT,ÒòΪÄúËùÐèÒª×öµÄÊÂÖ»ÓÐpoint and click!
×ܽá, Ò»µ«Äãlogonµ½NTÍø·, ÄúËùÄÜ×öµÄÖ»ÓжÁÈ¡µµ°¸¼°ÁÐÓ¡.
ÔÚUNIX»·¾³ÏÂ, Ò»µ«Äãloginµ½UNIXÖ÷»ú, Äã¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÄúÏÖÔÚËùÓõĻúÆ÷µ±³ÉÊǸÃUNIXÖ÷
»ú, ¾ÍÓÐÈçÄúÕý×øÔڱ˶ËUNIXµçÄÔÉÏÒ»Ñù.
ʹÓÃNT, ±ðÃÎÏëÒªÈçUNIXÒ»Ñù·½±ã¶øÃâ·ÑµÄÉ趨E-mailËÅ·þÆ÷. Äú¿ÉҪȥÁíÍâÈ¥ÂòÒ»
Ì×, ºÜ°º¹óµÄÓʼþËÆ·þÆ÷ÈçMicrosoft Exchange Server.
Èç¹ûÄúµÄNT ServerÒªµ±³Éµµ°¸ËÅ·þÆ÷(³ý´ËÒÔÍâ,»¹ÄÜ×öʲ÷á?) - ±ðÃÎÏëÒª±ÜÃâÒòΪ
ʹÓÃÕß½«ÄúÖ÷»úÓ²µú¿Õ¼äÌîÂú¶øÔì³ÉÖ÷»ú¿åµô.
¼õÉٹ滮É趨ƵÂÊ, ²¢ÇÒ²»»áÒòΪÉ趨Ö÷»ú¶øÔì³É¸ºÃæÒòËØ, ÊÇÁíÒ»·½ÃæµÄ¹¦ÄÜ:
"ÓÐЩ°æ±¾µÄUNIX (ÀýÈçLinux) Ö§Ô®¿É¶¯Ì¬ÔØÈëµÄÄ£×é. ÕâÒâζÖøÄú¿ÉÆô¶¯
Linux²¢ÔÚËüÖ´ÐеÄʱºòÖØйæ»ÈíÓ²Ìå. ÀýÈç, µ±ÄúÆô¶¯Linuxʱ, ÈíÌåÉв»Ö§Ô®Äú
²Å¸Õ×°½øÈ¥µÄSCSI¿¨. ÄúÖ»ÒªÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱááÔØÈëÖ§Ô®SCSI¿¨µÄÇý¶¯³Ìʽ, ÀýÈçMO»ú,
ÓÃÒÔ±¸·Ý. µ±Äú½áÊøʱ¿É½«¸ÃÇý¶¯³ÌʽÒƳý, Æä¹ý³Ì²»ÐèÖØпª»ú. Äú¿ÉÒÔÈκεÄÔØ
ÈëÈκÎÈçÒôЧ¿¨, Íø·¿¨, ÉõÖÁµµ°¸ÏµÍ³, ÈçHPFS, FAT, VFAT, ¼°ÆäËü(NTFSÒ²ÔÚÄÚ).
"ÈκÎÖ§Ô®¿É¶¯Ì¬ÔØÈëÄ£×éµÄUNIX, ¶¼ÊǸü¼ÓÊʺÏì¶Ê¹ÓÃì¶Ö÷»úµÄ»·¾³, ÒòΪËù
Óй滮¹ý³Ì, ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ²»ÓÃÖØпª»ú, ¶ÔÖ÷»úÀ´ËµÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ.
"Windows NT¿ÉÍêȫû°ì·¨. ÈκÎ×îСµÄ±ä¶¯¶¼ÒªÇó¹Ø»úÖØ¿ª, ÒÔʹ¸Ã¸Ä±äÉúЧ.
¸Ä¸ödefault gateway IP address, ÄúÐèÒªÖØпª»ú. »»¸öÍâ½Óʽmodem, Ò²ÎÞ·¨²»ÖØ
пª»ú¶øÄܹ»²¥ºÅÉÏÏß. ÕâЩÏÞÖÆÔÚUNIXÉÏÊÇ´ÓÀ´Ã»ÓйýµÄ.
-- Nicholas Petreley, еÄUNIX¸Ä±äNTµÄ¹ìµÀ: UNIXÔÙÏÖ½ºþ, Íþв²¢¸Ä±äNT
µÄÔ¶¨·½Ïò , NC World, April 1998.
µ±Íø·¹¦ÄܱäµÃÔ½À´Ô½¸´ÔÓµÄʱºò, Microsoft's NT Server 4.0ÆóÒµ°æ, ¿´À´¾ÍÎÞ·¨
Óë½Ï³ÉÊìµÄÉÌÒµUNIX×÷ҵϵͳÏà±È. ËäÈ»¶ÔÍø·ËٶȲ¢·Ç±ØÒª, 64-bit¼ÆË㹦ÄܽñÌì
ÒѾÔÚÐí¶àUNIXÉÏÖ´ÐÐ(ÓëNTµÄ32-bitÏà·´). D.H.Brown Associates Inc. ±¨¸æÒÔÏÂ
·ÖÎö½á¹û(ÒÔÏÂߢ×ÔDigital Equipment Corporation, AIX 4.3 Leaps To 64-Bits In
Dead Heat With Digital UNIX 4.0):
AIX 4.3ÔÚInternet/intranetÍø·ÁìÍ·, ÌṩÁ˹㷺µÄTCP/IP¹¦Äܼ°Ëæϵͳ¸½ÉÏ
µÄNotesËÅ·þÆ÷. Digital UNIXÔòµÚ¶þλ, ÒÔÆäÇ¿´óµÄÍø·°²È«¹¦ÄÜ, Á¬´øÓв»½ö½öÊÇ
ÍøÒ³ä¯ÀÀ¹¦ÄÜ, ¶øÇÒÍøÒ³ÖÆ×÷¹¦ÄܵÄNavigator Gold, ¼°ÆäһϵÁÐTCP/IP¹¦ÄÜ. ²»¹ý,
Digital UNIXȱ·¦NFSµÄÌØÐÔ, ÈçCacheFS¼°AutoFS.
IRIX 6.4ÅŵÚÈý, ¸½ÓÐCacheFS¼°AutoFS, Íø·°²È«ÌØÐÔ¼¸ºõÓëDigital UNIXÒ»
ÑùÇ¿. µ«IRIXȱ·¦network time facilities (NTP)¼°²¿·ÖTCP/IPÄÜÁ¦(ÈçIPv6 and
IPSec). Sun½ô½ÓÆä´Î, ÆäÔÚNFS¹¦ÄܵÄÁ¼ºÃÖ§Ô®¼°Î»´¦µÚ¶þȺλµÄTCP/IPÄÜÁ¦. ²»¹ý,
SunÒÀ¿¿Æä×Ô¼ºµÄÍøÕ¾ËÅ·þÆ÷, ¶ø²»ÓÃNetscape, Microsoft»ò Apache, ÇÒȱ·¦ÍøÒ³ÖÆ
×÷¹¤¾ß¼°ÆäËüÈçNovell's NDSĿ¼·þÎñ. HPÒÔHP-UXÌṩǿ´óµÄInternetÖ§Ô®, ¼ÓÒÔÆä
¸ßµµµÄInternetж¨¹¦Äܼ°Íø·°²È«, ͬÑùµØÒ²¶ÔNFSÖ§Ô®²»×ã. HP-UX, ¼°AIX, ͬÑù
ÔÚÖ§Ô®NDSÉÏÁìÏÈ. µ±Microsoft NT 4.0ÌṩµÄһЩInternet/intranetÖ§Ô®, ÔÚÕâЩ
±»ÁÐΪ"Good"µÄϵͳ±È½ÏÏÂ. NTÔ¶Ô¶Âäááì¶ÕâЩÁìÏȵÄUNIX³§ÉÌ, ÒòΪNTƶ·¦¿ÉЦµÄ
Ö§Ô®, Èçȱ·¦Ä¿Â¼·þÎñ, Íø·°²È«,NFS, ¼°½ö½öÊýÏîµÄTCP/IP¹¦ÄÜ. MicrosoftʵÔÚÌ«
¹ýרע춽«ÆäÍøÕ¾ËÅ·þÆ÷, ¼ÓÈëһЩ²¹Ç¿¹¦ÄÜ, ²¢'µ÷Õû'ÆäJava Virtual Machine.
--
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